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Purpose-The study aims to shed light on how to identify drivers of sustainable competitive advantage under a turbulent and uncertain environment, one of the most crucial challenges faced by resource-based strategists. Design/methodology/approach-This study introduces a VRIO-based framework to evaluate a firm's internal activities, in which the fuzzy set and utilities functions are adopted to identify the competitive advantage of available resources based on resource-based theory. A case study is conducted to illustrate how the framework can be applied as a tool for exploring the potential competitiveness of a firm's core resources. Findings-The quantitative VRIO-based framework is a useful tool to assist top management to identify a list of potential competitive advantages of the available sources. Originality/value-The VRIO-based framework is built through the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, and this innovative approach is proposed to bridge the gap between resource-based theory and its application.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a cooperation model identifying the R&D capability as the central driver of startup commercialization strategy, by which new startups can evaluate their relative R&D capability and consequently choose an appropriate commercialization strategy.Design/methodology/approachA cooperation model has been constructed, and drawing upon the patent data of 91 aluminum nitride manufacturers, the implications of R&D capability for commercialization strategy are illustrated.FindingsThe authors' analysis suggests that competitive interaction between startup innovators and established firms depends on the R&D capability of the startup innovators, which can be evaluated by patent data.Practical implicationsFor technologically efficient firms, a high level of integration to achieve the benefits of economies of scope will lead to more profits. However, for technologically inefficient firms, maintaining a low level of integration to achieve the benefits of specialization is the better strategy.Originality/valueThis paper provides a simplified model which combines an evaluation of R&D capability using patent data with strategic decision making to facilitate successful commercialization in startups.

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