Late diagnostics of oncological diseases (OD) in children accounts for significant deaths in pediatric oncology. As a result of it the overall survival rate is decreasing and the level of complications is increasing. There are no effective screening programs for malignant neoplasms in children as yet. Programs intent to spread the early OD diagnostics require significant efforts in the fields of increasing of the oncological awareness among practitioners and optimization of routing. The Article provides up-to-date information on the importance of early diagnostics in pediatric oncology, various international campaigns to improve the early OD diagnostics and their effectiveness. The information about existing programs to improve the early OD diagnostics in children in Russia is provided as well.
Lymphoma is the third leading cause of malignant neoplasms (MNs) in children. Childhood lymphoma is characterized by the prevalence of highly aggressive variants with high proliferation activity and rapid tumor dissimilation. Prolonged diagnosis becomes a reason of advanced-stage therapy. Despite the good results of long-term survival rate in patients, exceeding 90% even with late (III-IV) stages of lymphomas, the persistence of pathogenic (including multi-drug resistant) microorganisms in the patient's body becomes a major therapeutic problem, contamination of which occurs during the patient's stay in various medical organizations at the stage of diagnostics. The case reports of fatal infectious complications with the development of sepsis caused by polyresistant microorganisms in 2 children with anaplastic large cell lymphoma stage IV are presented in this article. Both case reports are unfavourable, despite the use of all medications and effective treatments. The analysis of diagnostic errors and necessity of cancer alarm generation in medical staff and patients' parents will make it possible to reduce the duration of diagnosis and probability of contamination of patient’s body with multi-resistant flora.
ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia (previously known as thrombocytopenia-2) is a rare form of inherited platelet disorders. Patients with ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia usually do not suffer from severe bleeding but have predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia and other malignancies. Patients with ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia and their relatives need genetic consultation and long term follow-up in view of risk of malignant blood disorders. The clinical case of ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia in two siblings is presented in this paper. Review of literary data on pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up of patients with ANKRD26-related thrombocytopenia is performed. Common questions of diagnosis and management in patients with congenital thrombocytopenias with predisposition to malignant blood disorders are also reviewed. Parents gave their permission for using personal data for clinical research and publications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.