ABSTRACT. The black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a forest legume that is highly valued as a honey plant and for its wood. We explored the effect of short-term spaceflight on development of R. pseudoacacia seedlings derived from seeds that endured a 15-day flight; the genetic diversity and variation of plants sampled from spacemutagenized seeds were compared to plants from parallel groundbased control seeds using molecular markers and morphological traits. In the morphology analysis, the space-mutagenized group had 4269 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (4): 4268-4277 (2012) Genetic diversity and variation of Robinia pseudoacacia apparent variation compared with the control group in morphological traits, including plant height, basal diameter, number of branches, branch stipular thorn length, branch stipular thorn middle width, leaflet vertex angle, and tippy leaf vertex angle. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker analyses showed a slightly higher levels of genetic diversity in the space-mutagenized group compared to the control group. In the SRAP analysis, the space-mutagenized group had 115 polymorphic bands vs 98 in the controls; 91.27% polymorphic loci vs 77.78% in the controls; 1.9127 ± 0.2834 alleles vs 1.7778 ± 0.4174 in the controls; Nei's genetic diversity (h) was 0.2930 ± 0.1631 vs 0.2688 ± 0.1862 in the controls, and the Shannon's information index (I) was 0.4452 ± 0.2177 vs 0.4031 ± 0.2596 in the controls. The number of alleles was significantly higher in the space-mutagenized group. In the SSR analysis, the space-mutagenized group also had more polymorphic bands (51 vs 46), a greater percentage of polymorphic loci (89.47% vs 80.70%); h was also higher (0.2534 ± 0.1533 vs 0.2240 ± 0.1743), as was I (0.3980 ± 0.2069 vs 0.3501 ± 0.2412). These results demonstrated that the range of genetic variation in the populations of R. pseudoacacia increased after spaceflight. It also suggested that the SSR and SRAP markers are effective markers for studying mutations and genetic diversity in R. pseudoacacia. The data provide valuable molecular evidence for the effects of the space environment on R. pseudoacacia and may contribute to future spacebreeding programs involving forest trees.
ABSTRACT. The objectives of this investigation were to develop and validate the expressed sequence tag (EST)-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from large EST sequences, and to study the segregation and distribution of SSRs within two grapevine parental lines. In total, 94 F 1 lines crossed between "Early Rose" and "Red Globe" were studied. Approximately 2100 EST-SSR sequences of Vitis vinifera L. were searched for SSRs and analyzed for the design of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers amplifying the SSR-rich regions. Trinucleotide repeats were found to be the most abundant, followed by other nucleotide repeats. A total of 182 SSR primer pairs were first developed for the study on the parental polymorphism. Among the 182 SSR primers, 142 primer pairs (78%) could amplify the anticipated PCR products, among which only 52 primer pairs (36.62%) showed polymorphism between the two parents. These polymorphic bands were further surveyed among the 94 F 1 lines, and the results showed that a total of 162 bands were amplified, and 98 of them were polymorphic in both parents (60.86% polymorphism), with an average of 1.88 polymorphic DNA bands for each primer pair. After testing with the chi-square test, 33 of the clearly amplified polymorphic bands followed a 3:1 ratio, and 37 followed a 1:1 ratio. The rest showed distorted segregation ratios.
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