We report the atom-economic and environmentally friendly synthesis of Z-β-sulfonyl-a,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in water. The mechanism study reveals that the hydrosulfonylation of alkynylcarbonyl compounds with sulfinic acids proceeds via a mechanism that features a sulfinic acid molecule protonating an alkynyl motif to form the ethenium intermediate, which subsequently reacted with a sulfonyl anion to afford the desired products. The ethenium intermediate differentiated electronic and steric demands between the two substituents on the C≡C triple bond of the alkyne substrates to exhibit high regio- and stereoselectivity from a wide range of Z-β-sulfonyl-a,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
The title cation is found to exhibit the lowest Marcus intrinsic reactivity known so far for a carbon acid; this situation is shown to reflect a rate-limiting hydration/ dehydration reaction of the aldehyde functionality.
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