Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals develop tumors primarily in the parathyroids, anterior pituitary, endocrine pancreas, and duodenum. The locus for MEN1 is tightly linked to the marker PYGM on chromosome 11q13, and linkage analysis has previously placed the MEN1 gene within a 2-Mb interval flanked by markers D11S1883 and D11S449. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies in MEN1 and sporadic tumors have helped narrow the location of the gene to a 600-kb interval between PYGM and D11S449. Eighteen new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based polymorphic markers were generated for the MEN1 region, with ten mapping to the PYGM-D11S449 interval. These new markers, along with 14 previously known polymorphic markers, were precisely mapped on a 2.8-Mb (D11S480-D11S913) high-density clone contig-based, physical map generated for the MEN1 region.
Breast density is a well-recognized important breast cancer risk factor. However, accurately assessing breast density is difficult. Although the mammographic density is the most popular method to assess breast density in current clinical practice, it is not accurate and reliable due to the overlap of breast tissues and inter-reader variability. In order to more accurately assess breast density, we proposed a new non-invasive assessment technology based on the measurement of dielectric impedance spectrums of the breast regions. The objective of this study is to test the feasibility of this new technology through a unique phantom study. The phantom design is based on mixing two types of agar saline materials with two different levels of electrical conductivity corresponding to fat and fibro-glandular tissue conductivities. In the phantom design considerations, we assembled four breast phantoms to mimic four breast density categories defined by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The testing results showed that as the increase of the simulated "fibro-glandular" tissues inside the phantom, the measured electrical impedance values monotonically decreased. The testing results were consistent and reproducible at different positions between detection probes and breast phantom surface when considering and calibrating the systematic errors. Thus, this study demonstrated the feasibility of developing and applying a new dielectric impedance measurement technology and device to assess breast density, which is low-cost, non-invasive, non-hazard and easy-to-use. If successful in future tests, this new method has potential to assist better assessing breast cancer risk for developing an optimal personalized breast cancer screening paradigm.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.