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Purpose To evaluate and compare the efficiency and safety of raltitrexed-or floxuridine (FUDR)-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 81 patients with unresectable CRCLM who failed systemic chemotherapy and were treated with TACE in our department from Oct 2014 to Oct 2017. Of these, 61 patients received TACE using raltitrexed, oxaliplatin, and pirarubicin (raltitrexed group), and 20 received TACE using FUDR, oxaliplatin, and pirarubicin (FUDR group). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS, from the first TACE), progression-free survival (PFS, from the first TACE), and adverse reactions were evaluated and compared between the two groups, and prognostic factors for OS were analyzed. Results The ORRs of the raltitrexed group and FUDR group were 67.2 and 45.0%, respectively (P = 0.076), and the DCRs were 86.9 and 80.0%, respectively (P = 0.452). The median OS (from first TACE) was 14.0 months in the raltitrexed group and 13.0 months in the FUDR group (P = 0.556). The median PFS (from first TACE) was 2.1 months in the raltitrexed group and 2.4 months in the FUDR group (P = 0.878). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the primary tumor site, Child-Pugh class, and combination with local ablation (RFA or CRA) were independent significant factors affecting survival. There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05), and no treatmentrelated death occurred in either group. Conclusion TACE treatment based on raltitrexed or FUDR is an efficient and safe alternative choice for treating unresectable CRCLM.

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Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is expressed in T cells and plays an important role in the regulation of T cell. CTLA-4 has long been considered to be associated with various kinds of diseases. With the attempt to examine the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese Han population, we employed TaqMan assay to genotype the CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism in 311 colorectal cancer cases and 389 cancer-free controls. We found evidence of the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk (GG vs. AA: OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.29-3.07, P = 0.002; GA vs. AA: OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.53-3.57, P = 0.001; GA + GG vs. AA: OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.46-3.21, P = 0.001). Next, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively examine the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. We found a significant association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk among Asians, which is consistent with our result. However, we found no evidence for the association between CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk among Caucasians. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the CTLA-4 A49G polymorphism increased the susceptibility of colorectal cancer in Asian population.

Multimode tumour ablation therapy is a treatment method that combines cryoablation with radiofrequency ablation, guided by medical imaging technology and based on precise planning, targeting, monitoring, and control of the thermal energy delivered, with the aim of achieving a whole-body antitumour immune response to malignant tumours. To develop standardized criteria for the application of multimode tumour ablation therapy to malignant hepatic tumours, to facilitate actualization of the criteria in various hospitals, and to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety, the Society of Interventional Therapy of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and the Solid Tumor Theranostics Committee of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association assembled experts who specialize in oncology to discuss this treatment method and to arrive at a clinical practice consensus guideline for the indications, contraindications, and techniques of multimode tumour ablation therapy for malignant hepatic tumours.

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There were no significant differences in patient characteristics by treatment group in both test and validation cohorts, including age, gender, race, histology, stage, location in the esophagus, radiation dose, and comorbidities. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation costs were higher for PBT vs.