We have studied the reliability of a low-temperature polysilicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT). The drain avalanche hot electron effect was characterized by changing the stress gate and drain voltage dependence. Generation of hot carriers was confirmed using an emission microscope. It was found that the degradation was improved by the lightly doped drain (LDD) structure. A degradation model was proposed and analyzed along with a two-dimensional device simulator. Reasonable agreement with the experimental results was successfully obtained. It was found that the density of state (DOS) of poly-Si was increased by the hot carrier effect locally around the drain region.
We consider the polarization of unstable type-IIB D0-branes in the presence of a background five-form field strength. This phenomenon is studied from the point of view of the leading terms in the non-abelian Born Infeld action of the unstable D0-branes. The equations have SO(4) invariant solutions describing a non-commutative 3-sphere, which becomes a classical 3-sphere in the large-N limit. We discuss the interpretation of these solutions as spherical D3-branes. The tachyon plays a tantalizingly geometrical role in relating the fuzzy S 3 geometry to that of a fuzzy S 4 .
Six field crops and 7 forage crops were compared in the response to lime and/or superphosphate applications in a field with a soil low in pH and available phosphorus, and the following results were obtained.1. Barley, sugar-beet and alfalfa are very susceptible, and orchard grass, field bean and oat are tolerant to low pH (most probably AI toxicity).2. Red-top, alfalfa and red clover are susceptible, and soybean is tolerant to low P. 3. Tolerance to low pH and that to low P are not associated with each other. When low pH and low P conditions are combined, the adverse effects of these conditions are magnified.4. The adverse effects of these conditions decline with time elapsed after sowing. Thus, in forage crops, except for species which are very susceptible to these adverse conditions, the positive effect of applications of lime and/or superphosphate declines after establishment.
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