This experimental were conducted out at plant tissue culture lab., Center of Desert studies to test the effect of four concentrations of Acridine Orange viz., 0, 10, 50 and 100mM L−1 under four levels of salinity viz., 0, 30, 60 and 90 mM NaCl L−1 on some phenological traits including: leaves number, branches number, plant length and fresh weight. Membrane stability index and electrolytic leakage also were in vitro measured. The experiment was factorial and arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 50 mML−1 of Acridine orange gave highest leaves number of 14.67 leaves explant−1, branches number of 3.75 branches explants−1, plant length of 1.48cm and fresh weight of 0.71g. whereas, 10 mM L−1 membrane stability index of 76.63. Furthermore, 30 mML−1 possesses highest leaves number of 11.75 leaves explants−1, branches number of 2.83 branch explant−1, plant length of 1.29cm and fresh weight of 0.58g. The highest level of salinity (90 mM) gave highest of electrolyte of 69.07.It could concluded that 50 m mol l−1 of acridine orange was the best concentration to promote growth of strawberry in vitro. Moreover, Plantlets were more tolerant to 30 m mol L−1 of Nacl in vitro.

An experiment was conducted out at a private orchard from Baharke town of Erbil province during 2016 season on pomegranate cv. Salimi. The age of trees was 13 years. Branches of one year old branches decapitated in February with three levels of 25, 50 and 75%. Suckers also were removed once in Feb, April and June. Results showed that 50% decapitation of branches + removal for twice of suckers gave the highest average for all vegetative and fruit traits as branches length and diameter, leaf area, leaf dry material and fruit size of 25.21cm, 25.13mm, 8.001cm 2 , 84.86%, 107.0 fruit tree-1 and 33.23mm respectively. Furthermore this treatment reduced fruit drop percentage up to 4.33 %. It could be extracted that deputation and sucker removal were efficient to improve growth and yield components. Thus, accordingly, it is necessary to apply decapitation and removal of suckers to increase fruit yield of pomegranates.

Lath house trial was laid out at dept of horticulture and landscape gardening, college of agriculture, university of anbar, IRAQ to know Effects of cutting type and humic acid fertilizing on Wazeri fig transplants . Factorial experiment was done using random complete block design RCBD (3x3) with three replicates as three cuttings per experimental unit. during the growing season 2018. Cuttings have been cultured on Jan. 20th, 2018 and then humic was applied to culture media on the following times (Apr. 20th, Jul. 20th and Oct. 20th). Results revealed that All the studied traits have shown significant effect using different types of stem cuttings included (leaf chlorophyll content, branches carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium content reached to (249.6 mg.100g−1, 11.73%, 2.58%, 0.75% and 1.44%), respectively. effect of humic fertilization reached significant level of effect for all the studied traits except (leaf phosphorus content) especially(4ml.L−1) Gave the highest results (350.1mg.gm−1, 12.00%, 2.56% and 1.43%) for the traits (leaf chlorophyll content, branch carbohydrates content and leaf Nitrogen and potassium content, respectively. The interaction between both studied factors achieved a significant level in most studied indicators.

Nanotechnology is one of the strategies that have the ability to achieve sustainable agriculture, and it is a promising opportunity in the field of sustainability and the provision of food security and fertilizers in general, important in terms of agricultural production, whether quantitative or qualitative. Despite the availability of various mineral, chelated or organic fertilizer sources for these nutrients and the presence of various methods of addition, the efficiency of using these fertilizers does not exceed 5% of the additive. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the loss of nutrients through fertilization and work to increase the growth and productivity of crops through the use of nanotechnology and nano_materials through the use of alternative, environmentally friendly and very effective fertilizers called nano-fertilizers. They are materials that contain nutrients or essential and useful plant nutrients prepared in nano-sizes and loaded or coated with materials that make them more efficient, especially when added to the soil. Nanoscience is one of the modern sciences that is concerned with the study of materials on the nanoscale 10-9 meters from 1-100 nanometers and they are called nanomaterials, its physical and chemical properties are different from those when it is in conventional dimensions of more than 100 nanometers, it has physicochemical properties that are fundamentally different compared to its ordinary materials. Different types can be produced from them, and their chemical composition as well as the size and shape of the particles controls their main characteristics.