Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням визначення конкурентних переваг сучасних аптечних закладів і управління ними. Авторами відзначено, що конкурентні переваги – це характеристики, властивості товару або марки, які створюють для організації певні переваги над своїми безпосередніми конкурентами. На їх формування мають вплив відповідні чинники макро- та мікросередовища. Спираючись на проведені соціологічні дослідження сучасними науковцями було відзначені найбільш важливі умови та фактори, що впливають на формування конкурентних переваг сучасних аптечних закладів та аптечних мереж. Авторами зазначено, що під управлінням конкурентними перевагами слід розуміти свідомий процес їх формування з метою адаптації аптечного закладу до вимог зовнішнього середовища і забезпечення його довгострокового успіху. З метою вдосконалення процесу управління конкурентними перевагами було запропоновано алгоритм перетворення сильних сторін аптечного закладу у конкурентні переваги.
Management of metrological activity is an integral component of the management of a modern enterprise. Implementation of effective and high-quality metrological activity at the enterprise is a guarantee that the products manufactured meet the corresponding technical requirements. Therefore, definition of the concept and essence of metrological management is relevant. The article is aimed at defining the concept and essence of metrological management and developing a scheme of its application in the management of metrological activity of enterprise. It is determined that the object of metrological management is the measurement processes at an industrial enterprise; subject – aggregate of technical, technological and organizational means necessary for the implementation of measurement processes. The authors propose the approach to the formation of a metrological management system, which consists of two subsystems: 1) formation of a metrological management system, the purpose of which is to organize methodological and resource provision of measurement processes at the enterprise; 2) operation of the metrological management system, the purpose of which is to ensure the guarantee that the manufactured products meet the corresponding technical requirements. The constituents of the system are interconnected through the relationship of tasks. The scheme of application of metrological management in the management of metrological activity of an industrial enterprise and a methodology for assessing the quality of its operation are developed. The proposed approach will allow enterprises not only to build a system of metrological management, but also to implement it, which will increase consumer confidence in the quality of products and will be the key to a stable market situation.
The purpose of the publication is to analyze and systematize statistical data on the resulting waste (including medical) in Ukraine in the context of COVID-19 and problems of medical waste management. On the basis of the analysis on waste management in Ukraine, a number of problems were identified. There is an increase in the volume of waste every year, including the household waste and low percentage of medical waste, but the association of the latter with COVID-19 be in no doubt of their danger. It is studied that the introduction of modern methods and technologies in the field of household waste management in Ukraine is carried out, but with an increase in waste growth, including medical waste with a high risk of danger, the number of all available systems for the disposal is clearly insufficient. According to the State Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Standards, medical waste is divided into four categories that have their own requirements for utilization. Waste sorting is an important element in the effectiveness of medical waste management and reducing the level of their danger to the environment. An improved algorithm for sorting medical waste under COVID-19 conditions has been proposed. Introduction of the medical waste management system includes: assessment of waste categories together with the existing practice; selection of waste disposal options; development of a waste management plan; adoption of institutional policies and guidelines; creation of a waste management organization; distribution of human and financial resources; implementation of plans in accordance with the established deadlines, as well as the introduction of a training program, monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement of the system. Solving these problems regarding waste disposal, including medical waste associated with COVID-19, is a socially significant and urgent task for all regions of Ukraine.
Aim. To analyze the current trends in the field of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and identify factors that hinder the introduction of digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical market entities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of foreign and domestic scientific literature, an expert survey of managers and employees of pharmaceutical companies was conducted. The research methods were abstract-logical, monographic, system and content analysis, expert survey. Results. The relevance of digitalization of pharmaceutical logistics and supply chain management in the context of the coronavirus pandemic has been substantiated. A review of the practice of implementing digital technologies in the activities of domestic pharmaceutical companies has been conducted. According to the expert survey, the problems of introducing digital technologies into the activities of pharmaceutical companies from the point of view of managers and the staff have been identified. The reasons that hinder the process of introducing modern digital technologies into the activities of the domestic pharmaceutical sector in the field of healthcare have been determined. Conclusions. The use of digital technologies is a necessary element of restructuring the information and logistics support for all participants in pharmaceutical supply chains, improving the reliability and quality of their activities and protecting the chains from counterfeit products. This problem is especially relevant in a pandemic when a well-organized and uninterrupted pharmaceutical logistics becomes in many cases an important condition for preserving not only health, but also human life. Therefore, today it is necessary to implement a comprehensive system of measures aimed at increasing the level of digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry, which will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains, as well as improving the reliability and continuity of drug supply to the population of Ukraine.
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