Adhesive systems are selected based on their bond strengths achieved while testing in laboratories. These bond strengths can predict the longevity of a restoration to some extent. There were several discrepancies in the reported bond strengths. To critically review the reliability of macro-bond strength tests used to evaluate resin-tooth interface. Relevant literature published between January 1983 and May 2013 was collected from PubMed database, Google scholar, and hand-searched journals of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental materials. Variables that influence the test outcome are categorized into substrate-related factors, factors related to specimen properties, preparation of specimens, and test methodology. Impact of these variables on the test outcome is critically analyzed. There is lack of a standard format for reporting the bond strength tests, which could lead to misinterpretation of the data and bonding abilities of adhesives.

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Soft denture liners act as a cushion for the denture bearing mucosa through even distribution of functional load, avoiding local stress concentrations and improving retention of dentures there by providing comfort to the patient. The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate the tensile bond strengths of silicone-based soft lining materials (Ufi Gel P and GC Reline soft) with different surface pre treatments of heat cure PMMA denture base acrylic resin. Stainless steel dies measuring 40 mm in length; 10 mm in width and 10 mm in height (40 × 10 × 10) were machined to prepare standardized for the polymethyl methacrylate resin blocks. Stainless steel dies (spacer for resilient liner) measuring 3 mm thick; 10 mm long and 10 mm wide were prepared as spacers to ensure uniformity of the soft liner being tested. Two types of Addition silicone-based soft lining materials (room temperature polymerised soft lining materials (RTPSLM): Ufi Gel P and GC Reline soft) were selected. Ufi Gel P (VOCO, Germany), GC Reline soft (GC America) are resilient, chairside vinyl polysiloxane denture reliners of two different manufacturers. A total of 80 test samples were prepared of which 40 specimens were prepared for Group A (Ufi Gel P) and 40 specimens for Group B (GC Reline soft). In these groups, based on Pre-treatment of acrylic resin specimens each group was subdivided into four sub groups of 10 samples each. Sub-group I-without any surface treatment. Sub-group II-sand blasted Sub-group III-treated with Methyl Methacrylate monomer Sub-group IV-treated with chemical etchant Acetone. The results were statistically analysed by Kruscal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Independent t test. The specimens treated with MMA monomer wetting showed superior and significant bond strength than those obtained by other surface treatments. The samples belonging to subgroups of GC Reline soft exhibit superior tensile bond strength than subgroups of Ufi Gel P. The modes of failure of all specimens were mostly adhesive in nature. Surface pre treatments by chemical means improved the bond strength between the silicone liners and denture base.

A 46-year-old male patient reported to the department of Prosthodontics for replacement of the missing teeth [Table/ Fig-1]. In order to select the patient for root submergence treatment medical history, dental history and history of habits was noted, clinical examination, both intra-oral and extra-oral was done. For thorough examination OPG was advised . It was seen that there were multiple decayed teeth which cannot be restored and many teeth were missing. Teeth 11,21,22,31 were extracted due to caries. With the remaining teeth that cannot be used as abutments for fixed prosthetic treatment, it was decided that root submergence could be the choice of treatment. The patient was informed about root submergence method of treatment, its advantages and disadvantages. With the patients consent vital root submergence treatment was selected.Further evaluation was done after a healing period of one month. In the vital submergence technique, as the vitality of the root has to be maintained, the teeth indicated for submergence were treated as atraumatically as possible. The vital root submergence procedure was carried by reflecting the full thickness flap. The coronal part of the teeth selected for vital submergence (13,14,23,33,34,35,41,42,43,44) was reduced to 2 mm below the alveolar crest using a chisel and a mallet slowly such that the vitality of the tooth is not effected . Once the tooth was sectioned 2mm below the alveolar crest, the irregular / sharp surface of the sectioned teeth and surrounding bony irregularities were smoothened using a round bur and straight hand piece under copious irrigation ensuring well rounded and smooth edges to the hard tissue. Using a bone file, the interdental bone is smoothened. The flap is then approximated to evaluate for complete closure.The flap was sutured and primary closure was obtained [Table/ Fig-4]. Patient was recalled after 7 days for suture removal. After satisfactory healing an assessment of the intra arch space available was recorded [Table/ Fig-5]. The Interarch space was 18mm for this patient, which was sufficient for fabrication of a complete over denture prosthesis supported by the underlying vital submerged roots. The over denture was fabricated in the conventional method by making the preliminary impressions followed by border molding using a special tray with full spacer such that relief was given to the entire alveolar ridge with submerged roots. Light body polyvinlysiloxane was used for the wash impression so that accurate details were recorded. Jaw relations were recorded followed by face bow transfer using Hanau spring bow. Gothic arch tracing followed by centric and protrusive records were obtained for programming the Hanau wide vue Arcon 183-2 articulator, for balanced occlusion. Teeth arrangement was done in the neutral zone so that the forces laid by the denture are well distributed on all the remaining hard tissues such that further resorption of the residual ridge is reduced and clinical exposure of the retained roots is prevented. During Tryin, prop...

The eye is a vital organ and an important component of facial expression. Loss of an eye has a crippling effect on the appearance and psychology of the patient. Surgical removal of the eye is therefore normally followed by fabrication of an ocular prosthesis to improve esthetics. A cosmetically acceptable prosthesis is that which reproduces the natural color, contour, size and iris orientation. A sequence of steps for the construction of custom made ocular prosthesis is outlined in this case report using a modified impression technique.