patient, while 3 catheters were removed due to catheter thrombosis (3/9, 33.3%). Two patients were noted to have catheter dislodgement into the pleural cavity (2/9, 22.2%), both presented with shock and haemothorax. Poor blood flow was the most common complication during the use of transhepatic catheters. Catheter revision was required in 2 cases. The maximum blood flow rate achieved for each catheter ranged from 150ml/minute to 250ml/minute, with a mean rate of 186ml/minute. The maximum blood flow rate was below 200ml/ minute in 4 of the catheters (4/9,44.4%). Bleeding at the catheter site necessitating hospital admission occurred in 3 cases (3/9, 33.3%), catheter exit site infection occurred in 2 (2/9, 22.2%), but there were no catheter related sepsis. Conclusions: For patients who have exhausted access options for dialysis, transhepatic catheter placement is an alternative with potentially good long-term functionality. However, limitations in blood flow rate, and the high thrombosis rate with the need for high level of maintenance to preserve patency should be noted. Furthermore, physicians need to be cautious about potentially lifethreatening complications such as catheter dislodgement.
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