2011. Estimation of the water retention curve for unsaturated clay. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 543Á549. Extensive laboratory tests are essential in order to determine the soil water retention curve, defined as the relationship between water content and suction, in an unsaturated soil. These laboratory tests are usually costly and time consuming. Moreover, for most practical problems, it has been found that approximate unsaturated soil properties are adequate for analysis. Thus, empirical procedures for predicting unsaturated soil parameters would be invaluable. The water retention curve can be estimated using soil properties to avoid the costs of experimental methods. Estimation of the water retention curve based on index properties is highly desirable due to its simplicity and low cost. Here, a model for the estimation of the soil water retention curve for fine soils is introduced, which takes the plasticity index and fine content into account, and is based on the Van Genuchten and Fredlund-Xing equations. The proposed equations are validated by comparing measured and simulated results. The curves predicted with these models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
A two-dimensional numerical model was used to explain the liquefaction mechanism of double sand lenses and the corresponding soil deformation due to the cyclic loading. Moreover, in order to investigate the influences of the soil characteristics and input loading data a parametric study was carried out on the essential parameters affecting the soil settlement, and so the variation of these parameters with the corresponding displacements was mainly examined. At last, the results obtained from the numerical analyses of double sand lenses and a continuous sand layer with similar characteristics were compared with those of an estimating method proposed by ISHIHARA and YOSHIMINE. The comparisons show that the settlements due to liquefaction of the continuous sand layer in both numerical and the estimating method are in a good agreement with and are obviously greater than those of double sand lenses.
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