Currently, there is a tendency in Ukraine to increase the number of children with speech disorders. One of the most common disorders of speech function is dyslalia. Speech therapists are the main form of correctional training, children are assigned certain and consistent stages of speech therapy. Along with that, various individual and standard devices are used. The aim of the study – to conduct logopedic correction of speech disorders in patients with physiologic occlusion using the in-house designed device according to the proposed algorithm. Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted on 73 children (24 – aged 3 to 6 years, 49 – from 6 to 12 years old) without significant orthodontic pathology in the presence of speech impairment with normal hearing and intelligence and speech correction. In addition to logopedic exercises, it was recommended to use vestibular plates Dr. Hinz - MUPPY-P with beads, removable orthodontic devices with beads, Bluegrass appliances, devices for elimination and prevention of unhealthy tongue habits. In order to identify early risk factors for major dental diseases, the hygienic state of the cavity of the mouth, the intensity of caries, the presence or absence of inflammatory processes in the tissues of periodontal disease were determined. Results and Discussion. The first step in the algorithm for successful correction of speech disorders were to explain its necessity. The second stage involved the phonetic diagnosis of all aspects of speech, logic, intelligence, memory and thinking. Polymorphic dyslalia was diagnosed in all subjects of reporting panel. The third stage of the algorithm is to carry out work to overcome the abnormalities of the phonetic side of speech was a direct speech correction. The proposed device for elimination and prevention of unhealthy tongue habits was used in 6 cases. Conclusions. After the speech therapy correction correct articulation and sound were formed. The proposed device for the elimination and prevention unhealthy tongue habits should be used in conjunction with speech therapy, in particular, dyslalia. In addition to the positive logopedic effect of the proposed therapeutic and prophylactic measures, we have also received improvement of the hygienic state of the oral cavity, the absence of an increase in the intensity of the caries of permanent teeth and increased motivation in patients.
Relevance. In acute leukemia, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes changes. But the extend and details of these changes are still insufficiently studied. Objective: to assess the state of phagocytic activity of phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) in terms of phagocytic index, phagocytic number and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis in children with acute forms of leukemia. Materials and methods. We examined 35 children aged 6 to 16 years, who were at different stages of treatment of the underlying disease. The children were divided into two groups depending on the form of leukemia: Group I – nineteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), nine of them at the stage of the first acute period, four at the stage of clinical remission, six at the stage of relapse; Group II - sixteen children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), seven of them - at the stage of the first acute period, four -in the period of the clinical remission, five - at the stage of relapse. Control Group – fifteen practically healthy children. In oral fluid, the phagocytic activity of granulocytes was determined: phagocytic number (PN) – the percentage of phagocytic neutrophils; phagocytic index (PI) – the number (in conditional units) of phagocytosed microorganisms by one neutrophil; oxygen-dependent phagocytosis according to the NBT test (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) – the percentage of the maximum activity of neutrophils. Results. PN in the control group - 70.0±5.1%. In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the stage of the first acute period of PN - 85.7±5.8%, at the stage of remission - 73.8 ±6.1%, during the relapse period - 88.3% ±4.8. In children with acute myeloblastic leukemia at the stage of treatment of the first acute period, PN was 87.2±6.0%, at the stage of remission - 72.6±5.9%, at the stage of relapse - 89.1±5.1%. PI in the control group – 3.9±0.6 In children with acute myeloid leukemia at the stage of treatment of the first acute period, PI was 21.1±0.7, at the stage of relapse – 25.3±0.4 In children with acute myeloblastic leukemia at the stage of treatment of the first acute period, PI was 16.1±0.5, during remission – 10.1±0.4, during the relapse period – 18.5±0.2. The indicator of oxygen-dependent cell activity, according to the NBT test, in practically healthy children was 17.6±1.23%. In children with acute myeloblastic leukemia at the stage of treatment of the first acute period, the percentage of cell activity was 40.4±1.86%, at the stage of relapse - 46.4±2.0%, during remission - 23.7±1.56%. In children with acute myeloblastic leukemia at the stage of treatment of the first acute period, the percentage of cell activity was 41.6±1.34%, during the period of relapse - 48.5±1.05%, at the stage of remission - 27.9±1.86%. Conclusion. The dependence of phagocytic activity of neutrophils in the oral fluid on the stage of treatment of acute leukemia in children was revealed. The phagocytic number, phagocytic index and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis are significantly increased at the stage of treatment of the first acute period and at the stage of relapse. At the stage of remission, the phagocytic number was within the normal range, but the phagocytic index and oxygen-dependent phagocytosis did not return to normal. No difference was found between the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in various forms of acute leukemia – acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia.
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