Identification of a non-thermal X-ray burst with the Galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 and a fast radio burst using

ABSTRACTeXTP is a science mission designed to study the state of matter under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. Primary goals are the determination of the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, the measurement of QED effects in highly magnetized star, and the study of accretion in the strong-field regime of gravity. Primary targets include isolated and binary neutron stars, strong magnetic field systems like magnetars, and stellar-mass and supermassive black holes. The mission carries a unique and unprecedented suite of state-of-the-art scientific instruments enabling for the first time ever the simultaneous spectral-timing-polarimetry studies of cosmic sources in the energy range from 0.5-30 keV (and beyond). Key elements of the payload are: the Spectroscopic Focusing Array (SFA) -a set of 11 X-ray optics for a total effective area of ∼0.9 m 2 and 0.6 m 2 at 2 keV and 6 keV respectively, equipped with Silicon Drift Detectors offering <180 eV spectral resolution; the Large Area Detector (LAD) -a deployable set of 640 Silicon Drift Detectors, for a total effective area of ∼3.4 m 2 , between 6 and 10 keV, and spectral resolution better than 250 eV; the Polarimetry Focusing Array (PFA) -a set of 2 X-ray telescope, for a total effective area of 250 cm 2 at 2 keV, equipped with imaging gas pixel photoelectric polarimeters; the Wide Field Monitor (WFM) -a set of 3 coded mask wide field units, equipped with position-sensitive Silicon Drift Detectors, each covering a 90 degrees x 90 degrees field of view. The eXTP international consortium includes major institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Universities in China, as well as major institutions in several European countries and the United States. The predecessor of eXTP, the XTP mission concept, has been selected and funded as one of the so-called background missions in the Strategic Priority Space Science Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences since 2011. The strong European participation has significantly enhanced the scientific capabilities of eXTP. The planned launch date of the mission is earlier than 2025.

Net photosynthetic rate (P N ), stomatal conductance (g s ), intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal limitation (L s ) of Populus euphratica grown at different groundwater depths in the arid region were measured. g s of the trees with groundwater depth at 4.74 m (D 4 ) and 5.82 m (D 5 ) were lower and a little higher than that at 3.82 m (D 3 ), respectively. Compared with C i and L s of the D 3 trees, C i decreased and L s increased at 4.74 m, however, Ci increased and L s decreased at D 5 . Hence photosynthetic reduction of P. euphratica was attributed to either stomatal closure or non-stomatal factors depending on the groundwater depths in the plant locations. P N of the D 3 trees was significantly higher than those at D 4 or D 5 . The trees of D 4 and D 5 did not show a significant difference in their P N , indicating that there are mechanisms of P. euphratica tolerance to mild and moderate drought stress.

Water physiological integration plays an important role and has profound effects on the population renewal and expansion of clonal plants. This work discussed the spatial distribution architecture, water sources, water physiological integration, and the ecological significance of Populus euphratica young ramets in an extremely drought environment based on field investigation, stable isotope technology, and eco‐physiological experiments. The spatial distribution architecture of P. euphratica young ramets assumes a guerrilla growth form that is adapted to significant heterogeneity and patches of habitat resources. There is obvious water integration that is characterized by an acropetally flow. The water integration process and daily flow showed the bimodal pattern following the physiological rhythm of parent trees and declined with increasing length of spacers connecting parent trees and their young daughter ramets. The young daughter ramets of P. euphratica can use the deeper soil water in a similar manner to the parent trees and obtain an average daily water acquisition of about 1.09 kg by water integration when the spacer length is about 2–3 m. It is about 5 times as much water as seedlings sucking by themselves. This lets young ramets maintain higher leaf water content and midday leaf water potential of 10.27% and 29.73%, respectively, than seedlings in same habitats. Therefore, P. euphratica young ramets can benefit from a higher survival advantage in extreme drought habitats compared to seedlings. This facilitates the establishment and growth of young ramets in those adverse habitats where P. euphratica seedlings are less likely to survive.