The increase in HR during passive exercise may be a result of the stimulation of mechanoreceptors. The small and similar SV response during PCE of both groups suggests that the muscle pumps may not be effective during this form of passive exercise.
66 (1.1) years; n = 10]; (3) to compare the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and SV response of trained older male runners [Runners: 65 (3.4) years; n = 11] with that of age-matched Cyclists. Impedance cardiography was used to assess the response of cardiac output (CO), SV and total peripheral resistance to exercise involving cycle ergometry. The mean VO2max of the trained Cyclists [54 (1.6) ml.kg-1.min-1] was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the Runner [48 (3.9) ml.kg-1.min-1], whereas both groups possessed a significantly higher VO2max than the CONTROLS [28 (1.3) ml.kg-1.min-1]. During exercise, at a heart rate of 90 beats.min-1, the SV of the Cyclists increased by 41%, that of the Runners increased by 47%, and that of the CONTROLS increased by 31%. However, the Cyclists' and Runners' SV response was significantly greater than that of the CONTROLS. The SV for cyclists and controls peaked at 30% of VO2max. This early increase in SV was a major factor underlying the increase in CO during exercise in both the trained and the untrained subjects. In addition, all three groups showed a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance throughout exercise. The finding that older male runners possessed a large exercise SV and high VO2max suggests that run training results in enhanced cardiovascular performance during cycle ergometry.
These results indicate that although aerobically trained men possessed lower absolute heart rate their change in TPR and systolic blood pressure during mental challenge was significantly greater than that of untrained older men. The greater vascular response of the trained to mental challenge may reflect greater sensitivity to alpha-adrenergic stimulation.
The relationship between aerobic training, vagal influence on the heart and ageing was examined by assessing aerobic fitness and resting heart rate variability in trained and untrained older men. Subjects were 11 trained cyclists and runners (mean ageϭ66Ϯ1и6 years) and 11 untrained, age-matched men (mean ageϭ66Ϯ1и2 years). Heart rate variability testing involved subjects lying supine for 25 min during which subjects' breathing was paced and monitored (7и5 breaths min Ϫ1 ). Heart rate variability was assessed through time series analysis (HRV ts ) of the interbeat interval. Results indicated that trained older men (3и55Ϯ0и21 l min Ϫ1 ) had significantly (PϽ0и05) greater VO 2max than that of control subjects (2и35Ϯ0и15 l min Ϫ1 ). Also, trained older men (52Ϯ1и8 beats min Ϫ1 ) had significantly (PϽ0и05) lower supine resting heart rate than that of control subjects (65Ϯ4и2 beats min Ϫ1 ). HRV ts at high frequencies was greater for trained men (5и98Ϯ0и22) than for untrained men (5и23Ϯ0и32). These data suggest that regular aerobic exercise in older men is associated with greater levels of HRV ts at rest. Summary.The relationship between aerobic training, vagal influence on the heart and ageing was examined by assessing aerobic fitness and resting heart rate variability in trained and untrained older men. Subjects were 11 trained cyclists and runners (mean ageϭ66Ϯ1и6 years) and 11 untrained, age-matched men (mean ageϭ66Ϯ1и2 years). Heart rate variability testing involved subjects lying supine for 25 min during which subjects' breathing was paced and monitored (7и5 breaths min Ϫ1 ). Heart rate variability was assessed through time series analysis (HRV ts ) of the interbeat interval. Results indicated that trained older men (3и55Ϯ0и21 l min Ϫ1 ) had significantly (PϽ0и05) greater VO 2max than that of control subjects (2и35Ϯ0и15 l min Ϫ1 ). Also, trained older men (52Ϯ1и8 beats min Ϫ1 ) had significantly (PϽ0и05) lower supine resting heart rate than that of control subjects (65Ϯ4и2 beats min Ϫ1 ). HRV ts at high frequencies was greater for trained men (5и98Ϯ0и22) than for untrained men (5и23Ϯ0и32). These data suggest that regular aerobic exercise in older men is associated with greater levels of HRV ts at rest.
The relationship between aerobic training, vagal influence on the heart and ageing was examined by assessing aerobic fitness and resting heart rate variability in trained and untrained older men. Subjects were 11 trained cyclists and runners (mean age = 66 +/- 1.6 years) and 11 untrained, age-matched men (mean age = 66 +/- 1.2 years). Heart rate variability testing involved subjects lying supine for 25 min during which subjects' breathing was paced and monitored (7.5 breaths min(-1)). Heart rate variability was assessed through time series analysis (HRV(ts)) of the interbeat interval. Results indicated that trained older men (355 +/- 0.21 1 min(-1)) had significantly (P < 0.05) greater VO2(max) than that of control subjects (2.35 +/- 0.15 1 min(-1)). Also, trained older men (52 +/- 1.8 beats min(-1)) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower supine resting heart rate than that of control subjects (65 +/- 4.2 beats min(-1)). HRV(ts) at high frequencies was greater for trained men (5.98 +/- 0.22) than for untrained men (5.23 +/- 0.32). These data suggest that regular aerobic exercise in older men is associated with greater levels of HRV(ts) at rest.
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