Sandy soils are of a wide occurrence under arid and semiarid regions. Most of Libyan soils are sandy soils.Twenty two soil samples were chosen from the western coastal strip of Libya representing a wide range variation of sand fractions were chosen for this study. Different chemical and physical properties were determined, including particle size distribution, bulk density, retention moisture characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Available water content was determined using moisture retention data. The available water content obtained were affected mainly by the percentage of silt + clay. These effect was decreased by increasing the diameter of the soil fractions. The empirical equation between the available water content and the silt + clay, can be used in water management practices of the sandy soils.
The North East area of El Baharya Oases represents one of the highest priority areas for future agricultural development in Egypt. The study area is located between longitudes 29° 9' 28.354" , 29° 27' 38.264" East and latitudes 28° 47' 26.562" , 29° 3' 17.531" North and covers an area of about 101294 feddans. A physiographic map was produced to present the mapping units of the study area. The area was classified into two landscapes, i.e., plateau represents 23.77 % of the total study area and plain which covers an area of about 77212.3 feddans (76.23 % of the total study area). The soils of the study area are classified as Entisols ( Torriorthents and Torripsamments) and Aridisols (Haplogypsids, Petrogypsids and Haplosalids). Land capability was used to evaluate the soils of the study area. The study area was classified into four capability subclasses, i.e., S2x, S3x,n , S3x,d and N1x,d,n .The soils of S2x (69.26 % of the total area) have moderate limitations for agricultural crops, whereas texture is the most limiting factor.
The ability to diagnose and monitor field scale salinity condition has been considerably refined and improved through the use of electromagnetic induction survey instruments. The EMI 400 prediction technique was made using salinity survey data from three separated fields. Three frequencies were used during collecting the measurements (14 KHz, 15 KHz, and 16 KHz). The zigzag orientation was used for measurements distribution. Simple correlation and multiple liner regression models were combined with ordinary kriging to construct field average salinity estimates to produce spatial salinity map. From the multi regression analysis, the EMI 400 reading values at frequency 14KHz justified 74.7% and 89.5% of the variations that existed in the measured EC values for plot 1 and 2, respectively. While the EMI 400 reading values at frequency 15KHz, justified 68.1% of these variation for plot 3.There is a general spectral pattern similarity between EMI 400 readings maps and the estimated ECe maps. This confirms that EMI 400 readings are appropriate for reconnaissance survey to provide a priori spatial information about salinity; allowing allocation of the most and least saline areas. The study shows the usefulness of using electromagnetic sensor (EMI 400) to assess, predict and map soil salinity at field scale.
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