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A simple method for stimulating and maintaining high in vitro multiplication of Narcissus shoot clump cultures was developed. Shoot clumps were subjected either to 'normal cutting' where leaves were trimmed to 20 mm in length at the beginning of each culture passage or to 'severe cutting' where shoot clumps were cut down to the basal plate region removing all green tissue. 'Severe cutting' at the beginning of each culture passage initially doubled the leaf multiplication, compared to 'normal cutting', but the difference between cutting treatments declined in successive passages. The improvement in leaf multiplication was maintained when shoot clumps were subjected to 'severe cutting' only at every other culture passage, with no cutting in the alternate 'recovery' passages.In vitro multiplication was increased by 'severe cutting' in all seven Narcissus cultivars which were tested.Abbreviations: NAA-1-naphthylacetic acid, BAP-benzylaminopurine

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A preliminary survey is conducted to identify student choices of choosing colleges and course of study in Penang. The methodology used in the study is convenience sampling, and feedback from the survey indicates that parents are the most important or influential people, apart from friends, relatives and counsellors. Educational marketers should utilise the preliminary findings of the study to produce appropriate marketing strategies to promote their products and services.

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Generally, vehicles driven by fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and aviation oil, are equipped with water tanks. These vehicles include vans, cars, heavy locomotives, fire engines, ambulances, aircraft, and boats. The cooling water in these water tanks absorbs the heat generated by engines and then gradually heats up. Nowadays, the heated cooling water is usually channeled into a radiator and returned to the water tank until the heat is dissipated. This has caused the problem of energy waste in the cold-hot conversion process, which increases the environmental impact of the vechicles. Therefore, in this research, a thermal power generation device is designed with a simple structure, composed of a Pt100 thermocouple thermometer and a thermistor with an LM358 operational amplifier as two different sensing devices. The designed device is expected to increase the power generation capacity without using additional energy for cooling thermoelectric power generation chips. Therefore, it is of great importance to cool the surface of the chips. Thermoelectric power generation chips are installed at the four corners of the front and rear of a water tank. The thermal energy generated by the water tank is used to generate electric energy, which achieves the purpose of energy recycling. The designed device is cost-effective and can achieve the purpose of reducing environmental impact and energy conservation. This research can be used as a reference for vocational education from the aspects of technology, management, design, technicalization, and research and development.

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