A brief introduction to the development of electrospinning is given, and various apparatus to fabricate nanofibres or nanoporous materials are systematically reviewed with emphasis on the vibration electrospinning and melt electrospinning for enlarging electrospinability, siro-electrospinning for mimicking the spinning procedure of a spider, magneto-electrospinning for controlling the instability arising in the electrospinning process and bubble electrospinning for mass production of nanofibres. Electrospinning for producing nanoporous materials and the nano-effect for improving the properties of nanofibres are also introduced.
In the present work, the authors suggest two methods using the bubble electrospinning to fabricate the aligned nanofibres by changing the collector electrode from a traditional metal plate into a single thin cylindrical metal electrode or two thin cylindrical metal electrodes respectively to collect the produced nanofibres. In the both cases, the aligned nanofibres are fabricated successfully.
In this work, several polymers were synthesized via suspension polymerization when styrene and butyl acrylate were used as a rigid unit and a flexible unit, respectively, and the prepared polymers were then electrospun into fibrous membranes with good low-temperature flexibility. The obtained fibrous membranes had perfect hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, and their water contact angle approached 155.0 as the fibrous membranes were wetted by sunflower oil, thus the fibrous membranes possessed a good capability for separating oil from water. We researched the effect of initial oil content, extrusion rate, and the position of the oil-water interface on their oil-water separation capability, and the corresponding results showed that the maximum oil removal efficiency could reach 97.3%, and the oil removal efficiency was still up to 74.2% when the fibrous membrane was used for the seventh time.Additionally, the fibrous membranes could make the O/W emulsion clear via oil absorption from water.In addition, we also investigated the other aspects of the fibrous membranes through the corresponding instruments.
Electrospinning has been recognised as an efficient technique for the fabrication of continuous nanofibres. In the present paper, an approach to producing nanoporous materials by electrospinning was discussed, and a general strategy for the synthesis of nanoporous materials by electrospinning was suggested. The numbers and sizes of the pores and microspheres could be controlled by tunable voltage or flowrate applied in the electrospinning process. The electrospun nanoporous materials offer the potential for direct fabrication of biologically based, high surface area porous materials without the use of multiple synthetic steps, or post-processing surface treatments.
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