Li Y., Wang T., Li J., Ao Y., 2010. Effect of phosphorus on celery growth and nutrient uptake under different calcium and magnesium levels in substrate culture. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 37: 99-108.A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to study the effect of phosphorus (P) on celery (Apium graveolens L.) growth, quality and nutrient uptake under different calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in substrate culture. Results showed that there were significant interactions between P and the level of Ca and Mg in the growing media. Celery above-ground fresh weight, total dry biomass, leaf area, and P, Ca and Mg concentrations in celery leaves significantly increased from 0 to 124 mg/l P application. The opposite trends were observed for root/shoot ratio, leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C, and nitrogen and potassium concentration in celery leaves. Medium Ca and Mg level (Ca 320 and Mg 192 mg/l) significantly increased celery above-ground fresh weight, total dry biomass and leaf area compared to low (Ca 160 and Mg 96 mg/l) and high (Ca 640 and Mg 384 mg/l) levels. This study suggested that 124-248 mg/l P applications under medium Ca and Mg level were appropriate for celery nutritional requirements.
The conditions for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of total flavonoids (TF) and total phenols (TP), and antioxidant activity from celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves by response surface methodology (RSM) were optimised. The 3-level, 3-factorial Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to study three main extraction conditions: microwave power (300–500 W), solid-solvent ratio (15–30 ml/g), and ethanol concentration (50–80%). It was found that microwave power of 500 W at 30 ml/g solid-solvent ratio with 75.6% (v/v) ethanol concentration was the most optimum conditions for the extraction of TF and TP from celery leaves with the consequent high antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH inhibition rate. Using the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yields of TF and TP were 0.62 g RUE/100 g DW, 3.01 g GAE/100 g DW, respectively, and the DPPH inhibition rate was 88%. The results indicated that the nutritional quality of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves could be improved significantly by optimising the extraction process of MAE using response surface methodology.
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