Following the large-scale disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf (LBIS) in 2002, ice flow velocities for its remnants and tributary glaciers began to increase. In this study, we used sequential Landsat images spanning 2005-2018 to produce detailed maps of the ice flow velocities and surface features for the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf (SIIS). Our results indicate that the ice flow velocities for the SIIS and its tributary glaciers (Flask and Leppard Glaciers) have substantially increased since 2005. Surface features, such as rifts and crevasses, have also substantially increased in both scope and scale and are particularly evident in the region between the Leppard Glacier and the Jason Peninsula. Several indicators-including the acceleration of ice flows, the rapid growth of major surface rifts, the heavily enhanced surface crevasses, and the dynamic position of the ice front-point to the evolving instability of the SIIS. These same indicators describe the conditions for the LBIS leading up to its 2002 collapse. To date, however, the SIIS remains intact. The formation of fast ice supporting the ice shelf front, combined with moderate mean summer temperatures, may be preventing or delaying its collapse.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Long-time serial observation of surface ice flow velocity in Antarctic is a crucial component in estimating the mass balance of Antarctic ice sheet. However, there is a lack of historical continental scale velocity maps of Antarctica before the 1990s. Historical optical images such as ARGON and Landsat images before 1990s are difficult to be used for ice flow velocity mapping, due to the fact that they are mostly not strictly geo-processed (e.g., ortho-rectified) and the image quality is lower than those of recent sensors. This paper presents a systematic framework for developing a surface velocity map of East Antarctica from 1963 to 1989 based on historical ARGON and Landsat images, followed by analysis of spatial-temporal changes of the ice flow velocity in some major glaciers, as well as the dynamic changes. The preliminary comparison with existing products suggests that the glaciers in Wilkes Land experienced an increasing trend with obvious fluctuations during the past &amp;sim;50 years, while the glaciers near Transantarctic Mountains tended to be stable or slightly fluctuating to a certain degree.</p>

Abstract. Recent research indicates that the estimated elevation changes and associated mass balance in East Antarctica are of some degree of uncertainty; a light accumulation has occurred in its vast inland regions, while mass loss in Wilkes Land appears significant. It is necessary to study the mass change trend in the context of a long period of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). The input-output method based on surface ice flow velocity and ice thickness is one of the most important ways to estimate the mass balance, which can provide longer-term knowledge of mass balance because of the availability of the early satellites in 1960s. In this study, we briefly describe the method of extracting ice velocity based on the historical optical images from 1960s to 1980s. Based on the draft ice velocity map of the EAIS using this method, we conduct a series of validation experiments, including comparisons with in-situ measurement, existing historical maps and rock outcrop dataset. Finally, we use the input-output method to estimate mass balance in some regions of EAIS using the generated velocity map.

A high quality hot spot is crucial in the laser driven inertial confinement fusion. The hot spot self-emitted X-ray images in a high spatial resolution may be used to analyze the hot spot asymmetry and some fine structures induced by mix. The high spatial resolved X-ray imaging diagnostics can also serve in the hydrodynamic instability growth radiography and some other physical research in the inertial confinement fusion. The Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope can provide a higher resolution and throughput efficiency diagnostic. A new four-channels KB microscope was designed and built for the < 10 keV X-ray imaging. The Pt coated reflective mirror pairs were used to obtain a wide grazing angle bandwidth. The variation of the X-ray reflectivity was small in a large field of view. The microscope had a magnification of about 20. The spatial resolution in the central field of view was about 7 µm. The similarities between the different channel images were about 97%. The KB microscope is in operation in the directly or indirectly driven implosions by 10-100 kJ lasers on Shenguang laser facility in China. The time-integral hot spot asymmetry has been diagnosed, and the time-resolved imaging will be implemented in the following work. K: Plasma diagnostics -interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging; Plasma diagnosticshigh speed photography 1Corresponding author.

Accurate ice flow velocity data are essential for studying the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, there is a lack of ice velocity maps of 1960s–80s in basin-wide regions or the entire ice sheet. In this study, an enhanced hierarchical network densification approach is developed for basin-wide Antarctic velocity mapping using historical ARGON and Landsat images. The produced multiple historical velocity maps from 1963 to 1989 in the region of the Fimbul and Jelbart ice shelves, East Antarctica, achieved an accuracy better than 29 m a−1. They revealed that the ice flow velocity had no significant changes over the period. Combining the surface mass balance estimate with the ice discharge estimated from our historical velocity maps and recently published velocity maps, we estimated a positive mass balance of 8.6 ± 3.9 Gt a−1 in the study area from 1963 and 2015. Our results indicate that the region's positive mass balance, as estimated in recently published studies, has been maintained since the 1960s. It is also in concordance with the low level of mass balance from 1992 to 2017 in East Antarctica. This suggests that the study area has been stable since the 1960s.