Aims: To investigate the in vitro antifungal and antioomycete activities of some aminoglycosides against true fungi and Phytophthora and Pythium species and to evaluate the potential of the antibiotics against Phytophthora late blight on plants. Methods and Results: Antifungal and antioomycete activities of aminoglycoside antibiotics (neomycin, paromomycin, ribostamycin and streptomycin) and a paromomycin-producing strain (Streptomyces sp. AMG-P1) against Phytophthora and Pythium species and 10 common fungi were measured in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and on seedlings in pots. Paromomycin was the most active against Phytophthora and Pythium species with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 1-10 lg ml )1 in PDB, but displayed low to moderate activities towards other common fungi at the same concentration. Paromomycin also showed potent in vivo activity against red pepper and tomato late blight diseases with 80 and 99% control value, respectively, at 100 lg ml )1 . In addition, culture broth of Streptomyces sp. AMG-P1 as a paromomycin producer exhibited high in vivo activity against late blight at 500 lg freeze-dried weight per millilitre. Conclusions: Among tested aminoglycoside antibiotics, paromomycin was the most active against oomycetes both in vitro and in vivo. Significance and Impact of the Study: Data from this study show that aminoglycoside antibiotics have in vitro and in vivo activities against oomycetes, suggesting that Streptomyces sp. AMG-P1 may be used as a biocontrol agent against oomycete diseases.
Aims: To identify a new fungal strain, Hypocrea sp. F000527 producing a trichothecene metabolite, harzianum A, and to evaluate its cytotoxicity to tumour cell lines. Methods and Results: A fungal strain, F000527, with cytotoxic activity was identified as a new Hypocrea strain based on morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacers rDNA sequence data. Harzianum A was isolated from wheat bran culture by 50% acetone extraction, silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and HPLC. The chemical structures were determined by ESI-or HRFAB-MS and 1 H and 13 C-NMR analyses. Harzianum A showed cytotoxicity to HT1080 and HeLa cell lines with IC 50 value of 0AE65 and 5AE07 lg ml )1 respectively.Conclusions: Harzianum A with a chemical formula of C 23 H 28 O 6 was isolated from a new Hypocrea strain and showed moderate to strong cytotoxicity to human cancer cell lines. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report of the production of cytotoxic harzianum A by a new Hypocrea strain.
Summary:A patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) received a syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) with high-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) conditioning. He had a reasonable engraftment and complete hematologic recovery. However, at 12 months after PBSCT, he became symptomatic and peripheral blood cells were almost entirely composed of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins deficient cells. This case suggests that high-dose CY may not exert a significant effect on PNH clones in the long term, although it had been effective in allogeneic BMT. In view of the possible autoimmune basis, it seems to be necessary to include other immunosuppressive therapy including ALG in addition to CY. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 28, 987-988. Keywords: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; highdose cyclophosphamide; syngeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by recurrent intravascular hemolysis, pancytopenia, and a predisposition to venous thrombosis. PNH results from a somatic mutation of the PIG-A gene, that is responsible for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor deficiency. Although the natural course of PNH is highly variable, patients with PNH finally die due to deep venous thrombosis, bone marrow failure-related complications, myelodysplastic syndrome, and leukemic progression. Among variable managements of PNH patients, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been considered to be the only potential curative treatment. In very rare circumstances in which the patient has a syngeneic donor, syngeneic BMT will be preferable to allogeneic BMT, because of the absence of GVHD. Among five reported cases of syngeneic BMT without a conditioning regimen, only one case achieved long-term survival 1 and four cases showed a return to pathologic hematopoiesis. [2][3][4][5] These data suggest that simple BM infusion without conditioning in PNH may not be an effective therapeutic option as noted in aplastic anemia. In this case, therefore, we have performed syngeneic transplantation by using the same conditioning regimen that has been used in allogeneic BMT. 1
This article presents a non-extraction orthodontic treatment case using mini-screws and a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP) to intrude the maxillary posterior teeth, and distalize the whole arch dentition and control the extrusion of the maxillary posterior dentition during distalization.
We investigated the prognostic relevance of IKZF1 deletions in 118 adult Ph-positive ALL patients who had minimal residual disease (MRD) data under a uniform treatment of allo-SCT following first-line imatinib-based chemotherapy. IKZF1 deletions were identified in 93 patients (78.8%). IKZF1-deleted patients had a lower proportion of early-stable molecular responders compared with wild-type patients (28.0 vs 56.0%, P = 0.028). After a median follow-up of 72 months, IKZF1-deleted patients had a trend for higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (38.0 vs 13.3%, P = 0.052), particularly in a subgroup of early-stable molecular responders (n = 40; 21.4 vs 0%, P = 0.088), but comparable disease-free survival to wild-type patients. Patients with biallelic-null deletions showed higher CIR (74.6 vs 13.3%, P = 0.003) and lower disease-free survival (20.0 vs 67.5%, P = 0.022) than wild-type patients. In multivariate analysis, MRD kinetics were closely related to outcomes, while neither IKZF1 deletions nor their functional subtypes retained an independent statistical power. Within the limitation of sample size, however, considering both the negative impact of IKZF1 deletions on MRD kinetics and a trend for relationship between IKZF1 deletions and relapse in early-stable molecular responders, IKZF1 deletions may have a potentially additive effect on unfavorable prognosis in a specific MRD-based subgroup of adult Ph-positive ALL transplants.
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