Single-crystalline 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial layers were grown on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and Si wafers, to investigate effects of SOI substrates on the film quality. Residual stress measurement using a laser scan method and the Raman scattering spectroscopy indicated that internal stress within SiC films on SOI were indeed reduced, when compared with that of SiC films on Si.
The aim of this study was to prepare a novel titanium-10tantalum-10niobium (Ti-Ta-Nb) alloy nanoscale coatings using sputter deposition and to evaluate their effect on osteoblast response. The three groups of Ti alloy used in this study were: (1) as-sputtered Ti-Ta-Nb coatings; (2) Ti-Ta-Nb disks; and (3) Ti6Al4V alloy disks as controls. The three surfaces were characterized using a x-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope, a surface profilometer, and a contact angle measuring instrument. ATCC CRL 1486 human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells were used to evaluate the cell responses. Cell attachment was measured using a coulter counter. After 4 days incubation, dsDNA, total protein, and alkaline phosphatase of the attached cells were assayed. The as-sputtered Ti-Ta-Nb coatings consisted of dense nanoscale grains. The Ti-Ta-Nb coatings exhibited significantly greater cell attachments compared to the two polished microgroove groups at 30minutes and 1hour. No significant differences were observed in dsDNA amount, total protein production and alkaline phosphatase specific activity among the three groups. These results demonstrated an equivalent performance for the Ti-Ta-Nb alloy and its nanoscale Ti-Ta-Nb coatings, suggesting an alternative biocompatible metal for use in dentistry and orthopedics.
5598 Background: In 1999, five randomized studies demonstrated that cisplatin based chemoradiation had a benefit over radiotherapy in cervical cancer. However, paclitaxel has been known to be safe and effective as a radiosensitizer, and carboplatin to be less toxic than cisplatin with simpler administration. Therefore, the object of this study was to evaluate the 2 year disease free survival and toxicity of high risk cervical cancer patients who received chemoradiation with paclitaxel/carboplatin. Methods: Seventy-one patients with at least one high risk factor after radical hysterectomy (metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes (LNs), invasion of parametrial tissue (PMs), positive vaginal resection margin) were administered 135 mg/m2 of paclitaxel, carboplatin (AUC = 5) every 3 weeks for 3 cycles as an adjuvant treatment. Radiotherapy was concomitantly administered to the whole pelvic region in 28 fractions totaling 4.5∼5.4Gy. Results: Median age was 49 (range: 26–80). Seven women were dropped from the study due to noncompliance and two patients did not complete treatment due to anaphylactic shock and prolonged infection. In total, sixty-two patients completed the protocol treatment. Of 211 chemotherapy cycles administered, grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 85 (40.3%) and the majority were transient. Dose reductions were in 7 cycles due to prolonged (over 4 days) neutropenia (6), and elevated liver enzyme (1). Febrile neutropenia occurred in only two patients. 14 patients experienced grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicities: 1 sensory neurotoxicity, 2 fatigue, 4 diarrhea, 3 allergic reaction, 2 genitourinary, 2 hepatic, with no treatment related deaths. With a median follow-up of 20.1 (16–28) months, 8 patients experienced recurrences, 2 distant lung metastasis and 6 pelvic side wall or paraaortic recurrences (DFS: 87.1%, 95CI:78.8∼95.4). Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiation with paclitaxel/carboplatin is well tolerated and appears effective in early stage high risk cervical cancer patients. Considering the advantages of lower toxicity and shorter treatment schedule, this regimen shows promise and should be further tested on a larger number of patients with a prolonged follow-up. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The long-term heavy consumption of alcohol results in the development of alcohol-related liver disease, which is the second leading cause of death among all liver diseases (1)(2) . Oxidative stress is considered as one of the key mechanisms responsible for alcoholic liver damage (3)(4) . In the present study, the protective effects of 5 % ethanol extract (SME) from Salvia miltorrhiza Bunge. against alcoholic liver damage were investigated in male C57BL/6 mice. Mice (n 9 per group), which received SME (100 or 400 mg/kg b.w./d) with ethanol revealed complete prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by the significant reductions of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, compared with ethanol-alone administered mice (5 g ethanol/kg b.w./d). When compared with the ethanol-alone treated group, the mice receiving ethanol plus SME exhibited significant increases in hepatic antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione. Furthermore, the amelioration of malondialdehyde levels indicated SME's protective effects against liver damage mediated by alcohol in vivo. Also, the pre-treatment with SME significantly suppressed ethanol-induced increase in the expression of cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a major contributor in generating a state of oxidative stress, which results in hepatotoxicity (5) . These results suggest that 5 % ethanol extract of S. miltorrhiza Bunge. has protective action against alcohol-induced toxicity in the liver by suppressing the expression of CYP2E1 and recovering the antioxidant status.
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