Synopsis The effects of using crushed concrete as coarse and fine aggregates upon strength and deformation of concrete are reported. The properties of recycled aggregates differ from those of natural aggregates due to the presence of a considerable proportion of mortar attached natural aggregate and loose mortar. For a medium strength concrete, the results show that strength and modulus of elasticity are reduced by about 10% and 35%, respectively, whereas drying shrinkage is nearly doubled when recycled aggregates are used instead of natural aggregates in comparable mixes. The efect of recycledfine aggregate on the deformational properties is less than that of coarse aggregate. Fresh concrete properties are only marginally affected by the use of recycled aggregates.
Engagement of the mitochondrial-death amplification pathway is an essential component in chemotherapeutic execution of cancer cells. Therefore, identification of mitochondria-targeting agents has become an attractive avenue for novel drug discovery. Here, we report the anticancer activity of a novel Osmium-based organometallic compound (hereafter named Os) on different colorectal carcinoma cell lines. HCT116 cell line was highly sensitive to Os and displayed characteristic features of autophagy and apoptosis; however, inhibition of autophagy did not rescue cell death unlike the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, Os significantly altered mitochondrial morphology, disrupted electron transport flux, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP levels, and triggered a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, the sensitivity of cell lines to Os was linked to its ability to induce mitochondrial ROS production (HCT116 and RKO) as HT29 and SW620 cell lines that failed to show an increase in ROS were resistant to the death-inducing activity of Os. Finally, intra-peritoneal injections of Os significantly inhibited tumor formation in a murine model of HCT116 carcinogenesis, and pretreatment with Os significantly enhanced tumor cell sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. These data highlight the mitochondria-targeting activity of this novel compound with potent anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, which could have potential implications for strategic therapeutic drug design.
This Paper reports an experimental investigation to establish the influence of ambient CO2, concentration, exposure temperature and curing duration on the rate of carbonation in concrete. The test specimens were concrete cylinders 100 mm in diameter and 200 mm high. Of the parameters investigated, the standard 28-day compressive strength f28 was found to be effectively representative of the concrete quality in several carbonation models proposed. Index test results, i.e. water absorption and sorptivity, were also incorporated to depict the effects of the surface property of concrete. The proposed models agreed well with the experimental data.
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