Collisionlessly formed downstream distributions of ions in low-Mach number shocks are studied. General expressions for the asymptotic value of the ion density and pressure are derived for the directly transmitted ions. An analytical approximation for the overshoot strength is suggested for the low-β case. Spatial damping scale of the downstream magnetic oscillations is estimated.

This article aims to examine the contribution of personal and environmental resources to the sense of belonging to the community among postforced eviction communities. The study included 140 participants who experienced forced eviction, and ranged in age from 20 to 79 years. Slightly more than half were women (52.4%, 74). Nearly half of the participants continued living alongside their fellow community members, while others left for different communities. The participants filled out self‐report questionnaires assessing their sense of belonging, social and family support, sense of mastery, and self‐esteem. We used 2 complementary instruments: the stepwise regression and the mediation model. Results indicated that the level of social and family support was found to be higher in the unified communities. Lower levels of the sense of belonging were found in the split communities. The sense of mastery was found to positively contribute to the sense of belonging. The self‐esteem resource was not found to contribute to the sense of belonging, whereas social and family support was found to positively contribute to the sense of belonging. The mediation model presented an interesting finding insofar that an indirect positive association was found regarding the sense of belonging via social support within different types of communities. The discussion refers to the findings and their contribution to both theory and practice.

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We consider a distributed learning problem in a wireless network, consisting of N distributed edge devices and a parameter server (PS). The objective function is a sum of the edge devices' local loss functions, who aim to train a shared model by communicating with the PS over multiple access channels (MAC). This problem has attracted a growing interest in distributed sensing systems, and more recently in federated learning, known as over-the-air computation. In this paper, we develop a novel Accelerated Gradient-descent Multiple Access (AGMA) algorithm that uses momentum-based gradient signals over noisy fading MAC to improve the convergence rate as compared to existing methods. Furthermore, AGMA does not require power control or beamforming to cancel the fading effect, which simplifies the implementation complexity. We analyze AGMA theoretically, and establish a finite-sample bound of the error for both convex and strongly convex loss functions with Lipschitz gradient. For the strongly convex case, we show that AGMA approaches the best-known linear convergence rate as the network increases. For the convex case, we show that AGMA significantly improves the sub-linear convergence rate as compared to existing methods. Finally, we present simulation results using real datasets that demonstrate better performance by AGMA.

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Review question / Objective: What is, and how is it expressed, the interaction between the phenomenon of ageism and society's attitude and coping with a disaster situation, such as the Cuvid-19 pandemic in the professional literature? Condition being studied: The covid-19 pandemic is a type of disaster situation, as the impact of pandemics is similar to the impact of other disasters in several respects: a wide range of impact affecting society as a whole, and an increase in uncertainty and long range of impacts. At the same time, pandemics stand out as being a pervasive, unavoidable and invisible danger (Pappas et al., 2009), and this characteristic blocks us from the usual methods that can allow us to regain a sense of control. It can be said that this complex reality has led to a recognition of the need for a deeper understanding of the interaction between the reality of disaster situations (or in this case - a disaster event in the form of a global pandemic), and the phenomenon of ageism, as well as the status and place of older persons in society.