This study provides new elements that contribute to our understanding of the genetic interactions between populations in Eneolithic and Bronze Age southern Siberia. Our results support the hypothesis of a genetic link between Afanasievo and Yamnaya (in western Eurasia), as suggested by previous studies of other markers. However, we found no Y-chromosome lineage evidence of a possible Afanasievo migration to the Tarim Basin. Moreover, the presence of Y-haplogroup Q in Okunevo individuals links them to Native American populations, as was suggested by whole-genome sequencing.
The steppe and the forest-steppe zones of Siberia represent an environmental belt that links the outskirts of western Asia and Eastern Europe. This corridor of northern regions of steppe and forest steppe has contributed towards the dispersal of animal and crop species, metals, precious stones, as well as new technologies across Eurasia in prehistory (Kuzʹmina, 2008; Koryakova and Epimakhov, 2007). Dietary changes within the populations inhabiting the southwest Siberia and northern Kazakhstan in prehistory indicate changes in the economy, at the same time marking the beginnings of East-West interaction across northern Eurasia. Past palaeodietary research using stable isotope analysis have mainly focussed on pastoral cattle breeding populations of the Bronze Age period. The introduction of domestic animal species of the near Eastern origin, such as sheep and goats, dramatically changed the lives of the local population. It is crucial, however, to access the diets of humans and animals from earlier periods (Neolithic/Chalcolithic) in order to understand the timing and nature of dietary change during the Bronze Age of southwest Siberia and northern Kazakhstan. It has been implied from previous research suggesting that elevated δ13C or δ15N values in animals and subsequently in humans, for example, could be a result of climatic rather than dietary change. In this paper we discuss the timing of pastoralism in the southern zones of western Siberia (Upper Ob River) and northern Kazakhstan (Tobol River basin) by presenting the stable isotope results of the Neolithic to Bronze Age humans and fauna. This data, combined with the AMS radiocarbon dating results, allows us to detect human dietary change through time http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/holocene HOLOCENE
First volume of the “History of Siberia” addresses the earliest and longest period in the history of mankind – the Stone Age and subsequent Paleometal Age. Th ree sections of the volume describe the emergence and development of cultural traditions in the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age in Siberia, focusing on interdisciplinary research into archaeological complexes, their chronology and periodization, clarifi cation of time and methods of settlement, and reconstruction of economic activities among prehistoric communities. Development of Neolithic cultural processes, emergence of various economic structures and productive forms of economy in the Asian part of Russia are discussed. It has been observed that transition from the appropriating to producing economies among the carriers of ancient cultures occurred at diff erent times. Specifi c nature of uneven development of cultural and historical processes in the Bronze Age is presented in the boundaries of large geographical regions. Individual chapters discuss paleoeconomies, social structures, and spiritual culture of the ancient population which lived in diff erent natural conditions of North Asia. Th is volume is intended for archaeologists, historians, anthropologists, local historians, and wide public.
An especially noteworthy part of the Firsovo archaeological area is a group of early burials at the fl at-grave cemeteries Novoaltaisk-Razvilka, Firsovo XI, and Firsovo XIV. Nine radiocarbon dates have been generated for those cemeteries at various laboratories: two by the liquid-scintillation (LSC) method and seven using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method. The dates were calibrated using OxCal version 3.10 software. Dates for the Chalcolithic Bolshoy Mys culture burials at Novoaltaisk-Razvilka and Tuzovskiye Bugry-1 burial 7 match the previously suggested ones (around 3000 BC). Certain Neolithic burials in the Altai differ from others in the position of the bodies (fl exed on the side). They were dated to the late 5th to the early 4th millennia BC by the AMS method. Burials belonging to the “cultural core” of Firsovo XI, then, fall within the Early Neolithic (68 % interval, 5710–5460 BC; 95 % interval, 5740–5360 BC). The date 9106 ± 80 BP (GV-02889), obtained for Firsovo XI burial 18, may be somewhat accurate, pointing to the Final Mesolithic or Early Neolithic. Both the date and the cultural characteristics of this burial (sitting position, abundant ocher) are accompanied by the craniometric distinctness of the male cranium (huge total size).
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