IGF-1 promotes human TMJ cartilage overgrowth in the developing process of CH by enhancing chondrocytes proliferation via MAPK-ERK pathway.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is responsible for the destruction of cementum in patients with periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. However, research about the effects of P. gingivalis on cementoblast mineralization and the underlying mechanism is still lacking. Casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (Ckip-1) is a scaffold protein that interacts with various proteins and signals to regulate different cell functions, such as cell morphology, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, we verified the suppressive effects of P. gingivalis and lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on OCCM-30 mineralization. We also showed that Ckip-1 gradually decreased during OCCM-30 mineralization but increased with the aggravation of Pg-induced inflammation. However, it remained unchanged when cells were stimulated with Pg-LPS, regardless of the concentration and incubation time. Then, more cellular cementum and enhanced Osterix expression were observed in Ckip-1 knockout mice when compared with the wild-type mice. Meanwhile, Ckip-1 silencing significantly enhanced cementoblast mineralization with or without P. gingivalis–associated inflammation. The trend was opposite when Ckip-1 was overexpressed. Finally, we found that the p38, Akt, and Wnt pathways were activated, while the Erk1/2 pathway was inhibited when Ckip-1 was silenced. The opposite results were also observed in the Ckip-1 overexpression group. Furthermore, we proved that cell mineralization was weakened when p38, Akt inhibitors were applied and strengthened when the Erk1/2 pathway was inhibited. In summary, Ckip-1 is upregulated under P. gingivalis–induced inflammation and negatively regulates cementoblast mineralization partially through mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt signaling pathways, which may contribute to the restoration of cementum destroyed by P. gingivalis.

Free Papers-Oral Presentations 519induce chondrogenesis and osteogenesis to a basal medium. DCM coupled with supplemented growth factors was tested for its ability to differentiate BMSCs into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. When transforming growth factor-beta3 was added into DCM, BMSCs differentiated to chondrocyte-like cells evidenced by the expression of glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen, whereas osteogenic differentiation was induced by supplementing osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) resulting detectable expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin. These chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers were enhanced in the 3D cultures compared to the 2D monolayer cultures. The results achieved in this study lay a foundation for the future work on development of biphasic constructs, which may be applied in the treatment of full thickness defects comprising complex of osteochondral tissues.

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