Histological assessment of baseline chronic kidney injury may discriminate kidneys that are suitable for transplantation, but has not been validated for appraisal of donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys. 'Time-zero' biopsies for 371 consecutive, solitary, deceased-donor kidneys transplanted at our center between 2006 and 2010 (65.5% DCD, 34.5% donation after brain death [DBD]) were reviewed and baseline chronic degenerative injury scored using Remuzzi's classification. High scores correlated with donor age and extended criteria donors (42% of donors), but the spectrum of scores was similar for DCD and DBD kidneys. Transplant outcomes for kidneys scoring from 0 to 4 were comparable (1 and 3 year graft survival 95% and 92%), but were much poorer for kidneys scoring !5, with 1 year graft survival only 73%, and 12.5% suffering primary nonfunction. Critically, high Remuzzi scores conferred the same survival disadvantage for DCD and DBD kidneys. On multi-variable regression analysis, time-zero biopsy score was the only independent predictor for graft survival, whereas one-year graft estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) correlated with donor age and biopsy score. In conclusion, the relationship between severity of chronic kidney injury and transplant outcome is similar for DCD and DBD kidneys. Kidneys with Remuzzi scores of 4 can be implanted singly with acceptable results.

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Power losses are an important phenomenon in 2 nd type superconductors. Precise evaluation of power losses in superconducting coils is crucial for the design of novel machines such as superconducting motors or generators. Although AC losses are relatively easy to measure with electrical methods, it is more difficult to measure power losses in the DC mode, induced by varying external magnetic fields, such as occur in a real operating environment. Especially the problematic one could be the direct-drive wind generator, where several elements introduce nonsynchronous disturbances to the magnetic fields. Modelling had been carried out by numerous authors 1-4 in order to estimate the power losses in 2G HTS coils under various external DC or ripple fields; however experimental work in the area is less common due to the difficulty of conducting experiments and special equipment requirements. In this paper, power losses are experimentally measured by the calorimetric method.

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