The application of metal chelating agents in phytoremediation has been shown to increase plant efficiency for heavy metal uptake in phytoextraction significantly. EDTA is a famous chelating agent used in phytoextraction. However, future use of EDTA is likely to be limited to ex-situ conditions where leachate control can be achieved, so there are limitations to its use that need to be studied. So that many phytoremediation studies have been carried out on organic chelating agents that are not expected to be harmful to the environment, one of which is Citric Acid. The purpose of this review is to compare commonly chelating agents, namely: EDTA as synthetic and Citric Acid as a natural matter for phytoremediation in polluted soils. This review also discusses the ability of Citric Acid and EDTA on phytoremediation, their effect on soil physiology and soil microbiology, advantages and disadvantages of each on the prospects of phytoremediation. EDTA can increase phytoextraction better than Citric Acid but can increase the risk of groundwater pollution because EDTA is difficult to degrade by the environment. In contrast, Citric Acid has been shown to increase phytoextraction, phytostabilization and harmless to the environment.
Environmental pollution due to hazardous waste in Karangdawa, Margasari, Tegal has an impact on soil and groundwater quality. Lead found in the soil exceeds the permissible standards. It is necessary to recover soil from Lead because it can enter food crops and accumulate in the human body. Phytoremediation is commonly used in land remediation because it’s economical and doesn’t cause secondary environmental problems. One of the ways to optimize Phytoremediation is by using chelating agents. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ability of Vetiver zizanoides and analyze the most optimum dose variation of Citric acid to uptake Lead to the plant. The ability of Vetiver zizanoides and Citric acid as metal chelators in Pb uptake was investigated for 28 days with Citric acid doses of 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg. Analysis of Lead concentration in roots, stems, and soil using AAS. From the results of the study, Vetiver zizanoides was able to survive from Lead exposure up to 4979.8 ppm. Application 1 g/kg of Citric acid in the soil, increased the bioconcentration, and bioaccumulation compared to control plants. The results indicated that the addition of Citric acid as a chelating agent could increase the function of Vetiver zizanoides as a phytoremediation agent.
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