Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) April 20142. REPORT TYPE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-HRM-AR Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER ARL-TR-6905 SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Office of the Secretary of Defense Autonomy Research Pilot Initiative 1400 Defense Pentagon Washington, DC 20301-1400 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)OSD ARPI SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES* University of Central Florida -Institute for Simulation and Training, 3100 Technology Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 ABSTRACTWe have provided a model and framework as a foundation for transparent interfaces via our Situation Awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model. In this report we discuss the implications of agent transparency for operator trust and workload; we also review potential user interface designs (information visualization and displaying uncertainty information) to support agent transparency. Finally, we provide examples of transparent interface design efforts currently ongoing at the U
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) March 20122. REPORT TYPE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University of Central Florida PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-HRM-AT Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5425 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)ARL-TR-5949 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES*University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation & Training, 3100 Technology Pkwy., Orlando, FL 32826 ABSTRACTTrust is an essential element required for effective human-robot teaming. Yet, experimental research examining human-robot trust in team interactions is at its infancy stage. Conducting empirical studies using live robots can be extremely difficult in terms of money, time, equipment programmability, and system support. Information in the area of human-robot trust is limited, but parallels can be drawn with trust in other domains of human-entity interactions, such as human-animal trust. Here we investigate the current evidence related to factors impacting trust in human-animal partnerships. Several of the outlined factors overlap with previously identified factors associated with trust in robots, supporting the notion that human-animal trust may be an appropriate analog for human-robot trust. Implications for future research are enumerated and discussed. SUBJECT TERMStrust, human-robot interaction, meta-analysis
The literature on intelligent systems was reviewed in relation to the following: efficient human supervision of multiple robots; appropriate human trust in the automated systems; maintenance of human operator's situation awareness; individual differences in human-agent (H-A) interaction; and retention of human decision authority. A number of approaches, from flexible automation to autonomous agents, were reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Also discussed were two key human performance issues (trust and situation awareness) related to H-A teaming for multi-robot control and some promising user interface design solutions to address these issues. Some key individual differences factors (operator spatial ability, attentional control ability, and gaming experience) were identified that may impact H-A teaming in the context of robotics control.
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