. Outbreaks of mass mortality among cultured small abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta with withering syndrome occurred in May and September 1998 in Kao-Hsiung, Taiwan. Bacterial strains CH-1 and B4 were isolated from the haemolymph of the moribund small abalone using tryptic soy agar supplemented with 3% NaCl and/or thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar. These two strains were characterized and identi®ed as Vibrio parahaemolyticus on the basis of various biochemical tests. The B4 strain and its extracellular products were virulent to small abalone with LD 50 values of 1Á6 Â 10 5 colony-forming units and 7Á58 mg protein g À1 body weight, respectively.
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