This research, which is divided into two parts, is a comparative study of the physical properties of cotton yarns produced by using new, modified and conventional spinning methods. The first part focuses on the performance of yarns with a final count of Ne 20 produced by conventional and compact spinning methods, whereas the second part focuses on the performance of Ne 30 combed ring, compact and vortex cotton yarns. Effects of the tested properties of the yarns on the performance of fabrics knitted have also been studied. Results showed that the structural differences of each yarn type conferred different tensile, evenness and hairiness values, and the differences in the yarn structure were reflected onto the fabric properties.
Increasing the wear resistance of the traveller remains an immense challenge due to the high mechanical and thermal stress experienced by travellers during the spinning operation. Due to this exposure, surface deformation, such as scratches and coating deformations, are unavoidable. In this study, two kinds of travellers (Cr coated and uncoated) were examined according to their scanning electron microscopy images, for surface characteristics, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of traveller surfaces. In addition, the hairiness of the yarns produced using the sample travellers was measured in order to see the effects of the traveller coating on the yarn properties. For the test, two kinds of travellers, with different surface treatments, were used for the same spinning machine. Only one sample type was Cr coated. The results revealed that the surface treatment of the travellers had a significant effect on the hairiness of the yarn.
This article focuses on developing a methodology which can be used to estimate the concentration of dyestuff released from textiles during domestic laundering, so that further studies involving decolorization of the wastewater from domestic washing machine can be conducted in an attempt to develop eco-friendly domestic washing processes. Due to the complexity of the problem, an approach was adopted so that, as an initial step, synthetic red and blue reactive dye solutions were prepared as representative wastewater solutions using Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue 19 dyestuffs for the estimation of dye concentration. This was followed by an experimental work consisting of washing tests involving the calculation of dye concentration in the wastewater obtained from domestic washing machine as well as tergotometer as a machine simulator. For this part of the work, dyed cotton plain jersey fabric samples were used to obtain wastewater solutions. All the dye solutions and the wastewater samples were measured with VIS spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorbance values were obtained at relevant wavelengths. Although the characteristics of absorbance spectra of synthetic and wastewater solutions were very different, the maximum absorbance values of both solutions overlapped at relevant wavelengths. The concentration of the dyestuff was calculated from the absorbance values measured at 540 and 592 nm for the red and blue, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data suggested that tergotometer can be used as a domestic washing machine simulator. Moreover, the regression analysis done for the dyestuff concentration under discussion revealed that the most significant factor was the washing step (main wash or rinsing) (89.5%) followed by color (red or blue) (3.4%) and washing device (washing machine or tergotometer) (1.5%).
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