The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation and conventional dental bur cavity preparation on in vitro microleakage of class V cavities restored with different adhesive restorative materials and two types of self-etching adhesives in primary teeth. Standard class V cavities were prepared on 80 extracted primary, and the teeth were randomly divided into eight subgroups prepared either by dental bur or Er:YAG laser irradiation and then restored with self-cured glass ionomer (GI), resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), resin composite and Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etching adhesive), and resin composite and Clearfil S3 Bond (one-step self-etching adhesive). Restorations were finished and stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and then subjected to thermocycling. All the teeth were sealed with nail varnish, placed in a silver nitrate solution, and then vertically cut in a buccolingually direction. Subsequently, the specimens were evaluated for gingival and occlusal microleakage using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. Wilcoxon test was used for comparing occlusal microleakage with gingival microleakage at p < 0.05. A higher degree of occlusal and gingival microleakage values for the teeth restored with GI or RMGI was obtained by both preparation methods compared with that of resin composites and the two self-etching primers. Er:YAG laser irradiation resulted in a significantly higher degree of microleakage only at the gingival margins for teeth restored with GI or RMGI, or composite and Clearfil S3 Bond compared with the bur preparation. The Er:YAG laser-prepared teeth restored with composite and Clearfil SE Bond demonstrated a better marginal seal on occlusal and gingival margins compared with that of bur-prepared cavities. The degree of microleakage in class V cavities was affected by the type of adhesive restorative materials, type of self-etching adhesive, cavity margin location, and tooth preparation method either by Er:YAG laser or dental bur.

The main purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the oral and dental status of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients undergoing hemodialysis at children's Hospitals in Tehran. Fifty-three children with CRF aged 5-18 years recruited from the renal unit of children's medical center, Tehran Hospitals for children, were studied. The decayed, missing, filled dmf, DMF and MGI scores were recorded. The CRF children had low prevalence of dental caries, although none of the clinical diagnoses displayed the absence of gingival inflammation. Duration of dialysis and Anemia had a significant influence on the gingival condition. Especially anemia leads to severe gingivitis. The CRF children need careful monitoring and all such patient should be given oral hygiene education as topmost priority.

Aim: Stripping is a technique of creating space for correction of crowding by interproximal enamel reduction. This study sought to assess the efficacy of mesial stripping of mandibular deciduous canines for correction of rotated and lingually erupted lateral incisors. Materials and methods:This clinical trial was performed on 42 patients with ≤3 mm mandibular anterior crowding. The required space was determined using the Moyers' method and 3 mm of canine mesial surfaces was removed using a bur. Alginate impressions were made and the correction of crowding was evaluated until 5 months after the treatment. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results:Mesial stripping of canines completely removed the crowding of anterior teeth; however; in a few cases, this correction was not complete, in which, the amount of space required was calculated to be near zero. Patient gender and occlusal relations had no significant effect on the correction of crowding; however, the amount of space required was significantly affected by the position of left lateral incisors (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Mesial stripping of deciduous canines is an effective technique to remove ≤3 mm crowding of buccally and lingually erupted permanent lateral incisors. Thus, stripping is recommended for space regaining and crowding correction.

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Background and Objectives:Attempts to enhance bond strength of the sealant have been among the most important sides of dental research. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different rinsing angles on the micro-tensile bond strength of the sealant to the etched enamel.Materials and Methods:Sixty first-premolars were randomly assigned to six groups based on the rinsing angle applied (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°). Following etching and rinsing, a 4-mm height build-up of sealant material was created. Bonded specimens were sectioned into sticks (1 mm × 1 mm), which were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength, testing at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min.Statistical Analysis Used:The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and post-hoc Tukey test.Results:The tensile bond strength in specimens rinsed at 90° were statistically higher compared to those rinsed at 15° and 30° (P < 0.05) and increasing the angle from 15° to 90° was correlated with a reduction in the number of specimens with adhesive failures.Conclusions:Rinsing the conditioned enamel surface at 90° may improve the bond strength and retention of the sealant.