The article analyzes the ways to improve the water supply system at agro-industrial enterprises. It is stated that the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS proposed to improve closed water supply systems at these enterprises to spend water and energy rationally and economically by developing highly efficient wastewater treatment technology to reuse wastewater and its sediments for technological needs. During the work, the main tasks to be solved were the analysis of the reasons of unsatisfactory operation of traditional wastewater treatment plants and their current quality indicators and improvement of the rational technological scheme of closed water supply at the agro-industrial enterprises. Scientific and practical results were obtained by analyzing the operation of wastewater treatment plants of industrial enterprises dealing with agricultural products processing, their quality indicators and known methods of improving technological schemes of biological wastewater treatment. It was specified that traditional technology of biological wastewater treatment do not ensure the proper treatment quality, as the quality of wastewater from enterprises has significantly deteriorated due to the inflow of harmful impurities (xenobiotics, heavy metal ions, etc.) and high concentrations of organic matter, the content of which amount to: suspended solids> 1000 mg/dm3, COC> 10000 mgO2/dm3, BOC5> 6000 mgO2/dm3, BOCcomplete> 2000 mgO2/dm3, nitrogen and phosphorus ≤50 mg/dm3, which prevents the effective operation of aeration tanks. The practicability of improving the "bioconveyor" technology by downward filtration through fibrous loading in bioreactors and upward filtration through floating filter loading in contact and clarifying filters to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment was scientifically substantiated. It was proved that this method provides high efficiency of biological wastewater treatment by reducing the amount of sediment and the absence of reverse activated sludge, and thus reducing capital and operating costs. Natural mechanisms of household sewage treatment with reuse of water and sediments when cultivating agricultural crops are used as much as possible are used in the specified system of water supply at agro-industrial enterprises. The optimal design and technological parameters of these structures are determined using the recommendations developed on the basis of our experimental research. The proposed technology of closed water supply at agro-industrial enterprises provides for the separation of water supplied to consumers into technical and drinking one, as well as supplements of sewage treatment plants with bioreactors and contact-clarifying filters. Such systems ensure a minimum intake of water from natural water sources having its preliminary treatment directly in water reservoir, maximum use of treated wastewater and protection of the environment against wastewater pollution.
In view of the development of cottage construction and enterprises of agricultural products processing, located mainly in rural areas, the development of high-efficient, reliable and easy-to-use treatment plants for the purification of domestic wastewater of low quality is very relevant. The objective of the research is to ensure the high quality purified water and minimize capital and operating costs. To solve this problem, the methods of physical and mathematical modeling were used, as well as numerical and analytical methods for determination and analysis of the parameters of treatment facilities operation. To use the latest advances in science and technology in the area of small-scale wastewater treatment facilities, which are typical for rural settlements and agro-industrial enterprises, in these conditions it is proposed to use bioreactors and contact clarifying filters. As the research has shown, water quality indicators of purified water change during the time of water filtration Tf and depend on the velocity of water filtration Vf and a specific cleanings capacity of the filter: at the beginning their values decrease as a result of accumulation of active sludge in the subfilter space, and then they begin to rise due to the increase of hydraulic resistance to water motion and removing this residual matter into filtered water. The article also presents the results of investigations on changes in the content of organic compounds in filtered water during the filtration cycle Тf by the biochemical oxygen consumption value (BOCV) depending on a water filtration rate Vf, m/h, and the amount of active sludge (specific dirt content of the filter G, kg/m2), as well as the changes in the content of suspended matter Сf.i. due to the same parameters. The recommendations on the effective operation of wastewater treatment facilities of the proposed design that which ensure their reliable and high-performance operation, were developed.
Energy independence is one of the national priorities facing Ukraine today. Plant-based feedstocks have the potential to diversify Ukraine’s energy independence by decreasing dependence on petroleum-based energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, expanding renewable fuel industries and creating job opportunities. However, biofeedstock needs to be competitive on availability, performance, and price to produce, market, and produce fuels. We hypothesize that domestically produced feedstocks from sweet sorghum, using proactive recycling of nutrient-rich biosolids on vast areas of degraded and marginal lands, could be a win-win energy independence strategy in Ukraine. Our goal is to create for generating a steady-state source of biofeedstock and disseminate science-based knowledge and training to the clientele. Specific objectives are to: (1) establish research studies to evaluate growth and feedstock productivity, nutrient removal, and feedstock characteristics of sweet sorghum fertilized with biosolids on degraded and marginal lands in Rivne, Kherson, Dnipro, and Kyiv regions of Ukraine; and (2) determine the impact of biosolids and sweet sorghum on soil quality. Data collected on growth, feedstock production, feedstock characteristics, fuel potential, and high-value co-products (biochar) of sweet sorghum and soil quality will be evaluated by multivariate statistics. Input, output, and outreach data will be subject to techno-economic analyses to evaluate the economically viability, environmentally compatibility, and social acceptability of the project. Traditional and electronic outlet activities will be utilized to disseminate outcomes and outputs and to evaluate project impacts.
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