Environmental awareness issues in Kazakhstan are one of the most undermined topics both among the public community and in terms of state rhetoric. In the context of official state documents, so far only two official environmental codes and national program called Zhasyl Kazakhstan were introduced in the country in 2021. While on the one hand the Environmental Code was introduced with the purpose to modernize, frame and enlist main legislative aspects on various sectors of environmental law in Kazakhstan, on the other hand the Zhasyl Kazakhstan Program has been implemented as a state program to address with numerous environmental projects various environmental issues ranging from air pollution to waste management as well as aspects related to ecological education and low environmental awareness matters. In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to analyze critically the main content of both of these documents with a particular focus on sections related to environmental awareness raising aspects. For that, this paper applied a subjective-based content analysis in order to identify interesting insights on regulatory legal aspects, future research streams, and uncovering of improved legislative frameworks in the context of environmental awareness issue. Apart from that, five open-ended questions were send out to the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources to obtain primary data on the state's view in regards to current previous, recent and future aspects of environmental awareness issue in the country.
Environmental awareness issues in Kazakhstan are one of the most undermined topics both among the public community and in terms of state rhetoric. In the context of official state documents, so far only two official environmental codes and a national program called Zhasyl Kazakhstan were introduced in the country in 2021. In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to analyze critically the main content of the Environmental Code and the Zhasyl Kazakhstan Program, with a particular focus on sections related to environmental awareness-raising aspects. This paper applied subjective-based content analysis to identify interesting insights on regulatory legal aspects, future research streams, and uncovering of improved legislative frameworks in the context of an environmental awareness issue. Apart from that, five open-ended questions were sent out to the Ministry of Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resources to obtain primary data on the state’s view regarding current previous, recent, and future aspects of environmental awareness issues in the country. Keywords: Environmental awareness, Environmental code, Zhasyl Kazakhstan;
The introduction of Latin alphabet in Kazakh language caused on the one hand great concerns anduproars within the society of Kazakhstan regarding its importance and relevance, while on the other sidecausing an optimistic outlook at the language policy reforms for the future to be debated. People startedactively to discuss this long-term oriented government initiative within the social media outlets as well as ona higher governmental level. It also sparked controversial but interesting discussions concerning sensitivedomestic issues such as on topics concerning aspects of national identity, civic identity matters, nation-buildingprocessesandsocio-politicalmattersthatbothdirectlyandindirectlyaffectedthe processoftransition from Cyrillic towards a Latin script. This paper analyzes the importance and relevance of theLatinization process of the Kazakh language in the contemporary time period for the Kazakhstani society anddiscusses the implementation problems from the orthographic and phonetic aspect; institutionalism and pathdependency approach; modernization process; and the financial and socio-political aspects. Moreover, ahistorical literature review has been provided in this paper, summarizing the different periods of transition ofthe Kazakh language since the early 19 th century up to the contemporary time period. Last but not the least, alist of recommendations was provided with arguments supporting this grand government policy and how tooperationalize these potential recommendations to policymakers as well as other stakeholders involved in theprocess of latinizing the Kazakh language. This paper will serve as a discursive paper for scholars in the fieldofpublic policy,philo logicalstudiesandsocio-politicalscience.
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