An untargeted foodomics strategy
based on ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap and chemometrics
was used to observe subtle differences in the molecule profiles of
raw milk from different animal species (cow milk, goat milk, and water
buffalo milk), which could prevent the fraud activities in the dairy
industry. In data-dependent acquisition (DIA), spectra for all precursor
ions facilitated the comprehensive identification of unknown compounds
in untargeted foodomics. Chemometrics techniques were used to analyze
large amounts of complex data to observe the separation of different
sample groups and find the potential markers of sample groups. Finally,
five markers were putatively identified by the potential marker identification
workflow. The quantification results showed that β-carotene
was found only in cow milk; ergocalciferol was found only in water
buffalo milk; and the contents of nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and
octanoic acid were higher in goat milk than those in cow milk and
water buffalo milk. The quantification of β-carotene enabled
the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w).
This work provided an efficient approach for the discrimination of
cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk. Compared with proteomics
and genomics, the simpler analytical procedures, lower costs, and
higher speed of this work make it of great benefit for routine operations.
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