Highlights d LPS stimulates the PPP, SSP, and one-carbon metabolism d Glucose, serine, and methionine synergistically fuel SAM generation d Immunometabolite SAM promotes LPS-induced IL-1b production d SAM supports pro-inflammatory macrophages through H3K36me3
Interleukin -22 (IL-22) is a member of IL-10 family cytokines that is produced by many different types of lymphocytes including both those of the innate and adaptive immune system. This includes activated T cells, most notably Th17 and Th22 cells, and NK cells, γδ T cells, LTi cells and LTi-like cells. IL-22 mediates its effects via the IL-22-IL-22R complex and subsequent Janus Kinase-signal transduces and activators transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Recently accumulated evidence has indicated that IL-22 also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent findings and advancement of the role for IL-22 in several autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hepatitis, graft versus host disease (GHVD) and allergic diseases, implicating that target IL-22 may have a therapeutic potential in those autoimmune diseases.
The glutamate pathways are involved in diverse processes such as learning and memory, epilepsy, and they play important roles in neural plasticity, neural development, and neurodegeneration. It has been proposed that autism could be a hypoglutamatergic disorder. Recently, Jamain et al. reported that the glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6 or GRIK2) is in linkage disequilibrium with autism. In the present study, the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and the haplotype transmission were performed to analyze the four SNPs (SNP1: rs995640; SNP2: rs2227281; SNP3: rs2227283; SNP4: rs2235076) of GluR6 in 174 Chinese Han parent-offspring trios. The TDT demonstrated that the two SNPs (SNP2 and SNP3) showed preferential transmission (TDT P = 0.032). The global chi(2) test for haplotype transmission also revealed an association between GluR6 and autism (chi(2) = 10.78, df = 3, P = 0.013). Our results suggested that GluR6 is in linkage disequilibrium with autism.
Highlights d HDAC3 promotes IL-1b-dependent inflammation d HDAC3 restricts fatty acid oxidation for optimal NLRP3 inflammasome activation d HDAC3 translocates to mitochondria upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation d HDAC3 deacetylates HADHA at lysine 303 to restrain its enzyme activity
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