Recently, the application of ultrasonic arrays has dramatically increased [4][5][6][7], due to their advantages in terms of resolution, coverage, sensitivity and speed, compared to single-element transducers. In traditional ultrasonic array imaging, the same array elements are used to form coherent beam and receive signals, based on the same delay law [8].
Rotation and transportation of micro-particles using ultrasonically-driven devices shows promising applications in the fields of biological engineering, composite material manufacture, and micro-assembly. Current interest in mechanical effects of ultrasonic waves has been stimulated by the achievements in manipulations with phased array. Here, we propose a field synthesizing method using the fewest transducers to control the orientation of a single non-spherical micro-particle as well as its spatial location. A localized acoustic force potential well is established and rotated by using sound field synthesis technique. The resultant acoustic radiation torque on the trapped target determines its equilibrium angular position. A prototype device consisting of nine transducers with 2 MHz center frequency is designed and fabricated. Controllable rotation of a silica rod with 90 µm length and 15 µm diameter is then successfully achieved. There is a good agreement between the measured particle orientation and the theoretical prediction. Within the same device, spatial translation of the silica rod can also be realized conveniently. When compared with the existing acoustic rotation methods, the employed transducers of our method are strongly decreased, meanwhile, device functionality is improved.
Sharp corners usually are used on glass contours to meet the highly increasing demand for personalized products, but they result in a broken wheel center toolpath in edge grinding. To ensure that the whole wheel center toolpath is of G1 continuity and that the grinding depth is controllable at the corners, a transition toolpath generation method based on a velocity-blending algorithm is proposed. Taking the grinding depth into consideration, the sharp-corner grinding process is planned, and a velocity-blending algorithm is introduced. With the constraints, such as traverse displacement and grinding depth, the sharp-corner transition toolpath is generated with a three-phase motion arrangement and with confirmations of the acceleration/deceleration positions. A piece of glass with three sharp corners is ground on a three-axis numerical-control glass grinding equipment. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can protect the sharp corners from breakage efficiently and achieve satisfactory shape accuracy. This research proposed a toolpath generation method based on a velocity-blending algorithm for the manufacturing of personalized glass products, which generates the transition toolpath as needed around a sharp corner in real time.
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