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A photo-induced, catalytic phosphine-promoted perfluoroalkylation reaction of indole molecules is developed. Inexpensive and readily available PPh3 is used in a catalytic amount as the sole reaction initiator in this protocol....

IntroductionWe performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of a home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection.MethodsA systematic literature search up to December 2021 was done and 23 studies included 3,010 subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection at the start of the study; 1,556 of them were given home enteral nutritional support and 1,454 were normal oral diet. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs to evaluate the influence of home enteral nutritional support compared with a normal oral diet in postoperative subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection by the dichotomous or continuous methods with a random or fixed-influence model.ResultsHome enteral nutritional support had significantly higher quality of life (MD, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.50–2.67, p < 0.001), better body weight change (MD, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.31–2.43, p < 0.001), higher albumin (MD, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.72–1.82, p < 0.001), and higher pre-albumin (MD, 30.79; 95% CI, 7.29–54.29, p = 0.01) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. However, home enteral nutritional support had no significant impact on the hemoglobin (MD, 4.64; 95% CI, −4.17 to 13.46, p = 0.30), and complications (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.76–1.40, p = 0.83) compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection.ConclusionsHome enteral nutritional support had a significantly higher quality of life, better body weight change, higher albumin, and higher pre-albumin, and had no significant impact on the hemoglobin and complications compared to the normal oral diet in subjects with upper gastrointestinal cancer resection. Further studies are required.

A photo-induced indole 2-alkylation reaction was developed with unactivated stereo-congested alkenes used as the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reagent. The neutral, traceless and inexpensive perfluoroalkyl iodide C 4 F 9 I was used as the radical initiator in catalytic amount under irradiation by a blue LED light. Brønsted acids are in situ generated from the radical transfer reactions between the indole substrates and the perfluoroiodide catalyst. A variety of 2-branched alkylated indole molecules could be obtained from this approach in generally good efficiencies, with a broad scope of functional groups well tolerated. Mechanistic studies via both experimental and computational methods indicate that the reaction was accelerated by the protons generated from the crack of the indole-derived radical cation species.

An acid-catalyzed 2-alkylation of indole molecules is developed. Only catalytic amount of the commercially available, inexpensive and traceless HI is used as the sole reaction promoter. 2,3-Disubstituted indole molecules bearing congested tertiary carbon centers are afforded as the final products in moderate to excellent yields.

An unprecedented inactivation process of the indanol-derived NHC catalysts bearing N-C6F5 groups is reported. An unexpected multi-cyclic complex product is obtained from the 3-component reaction with the 1-methylcyclopropyl-carbaldehyde, the 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone and the NHC catalyst. The absolute structure of the inactivation product is unambiguously assigned via X-ray analysis on its single crystals. The formation of the structurally complex product is rationalized through a multi-step cascade cyclization process.