The
interfacial electronic structure at the organic–inorganic
semiconductor interface plays an important role in determining the
electrical and optical performance of organic-based devices. Here,
we studied the molecular alignment and electronic structure of thermally
deposited 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules
on cleaved black phosphorus using photoelectron spectroscopy. The
work function of black phosphorus is substantially upped with an organic
thin film, originating from the charge transfer from black phosphorus
to PTCDA. According to our photoemission spectrum and theoretical
simulation, we also define the interaction between PTCDA and black
phosphorus as weak van de Waals physisorption, rather than bonding
chemisorption. Furthermore, we show that PTCDA thin film can effectively
isolate reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting BP surface oxidation
and deterioration under ambient conditions. Our results suggest the
possibility of manipulating interfacial electronic structures of black
phosphorus interface by noncovalent with organic semiconductor, in
particular for applications in high-performance organic–inorganic
hybrid photovoltaic.
1,2,3-Triazolylidenes as versatile, strong donor ligands have currently experienced a boost in complex synthesis as well as catalytic applications. Although many examples of "abnormal" 1,2,3-triazolylidenes have been described, their "normal" congeners have been barely examined to date (for abnormal carbenes the resonance structures of the carbenes cannot be drawn without adding additional charges, but this is possible for normal carbenes). Furthermore, no instance of utilization of this new ligand class in homogeneous catalysis can be found. Therefore, this work presents a variety of potential precatalysts descending from "normal" 1,2,3triazolylidene Au chloride complexes. Synthesis and thorough characterization of the new compounds are presented, together with special ligand features such as buried volume and suspected anagostic interactions. The activity of the isolated precatalysts is examined in the intramolecular hydroamination of alkynes and compared with that of a popular imidazolylidene system. It is found that the activity of the best-performing "normal" 1,2,3-triazolylidene systems is quite similar to that of the imidazolylidene systems. However, mercury drop poisoning experiments suggest that improvements in ligand design are required to enhance catalyst stability.
Photocatalytic fixed bed reactors allow a straightforward separation from the process stream and simplify the installation and operation in practical application. However, it is widely believed that the restriction on mass transport and volume activation severely slows the reaction. Here, we demonstrate that photocatalytic fixed bed reactors can deliver a superior reaction rate to the slurry suspension by rationally modulating the electronic process and the most concerning issue of mass transport occurring on a decisecond time scale does not retard the reaction. Although the long-distance transport of photogenerated electrons in porous semiconductor films toward catalytic sites encounters boundary scattering, this electronic process can be far faster than semiconductor−cocatalyst interfacial electron transfer occurring on the decisecond−second time scale. Besides, the fixed bed reaction can be freely amplified without losing photon utilization. Under irradiation provided by a 320 W Hg lamp, we realize a reaction rate of 0.262 mol/h with 65.2% quantum yield for anaerobic dehydrogenation of ethanol.
Using new 'normal'-substituted 1,2,3-triazolylidene silver compounds as starting materials allowed for preparation of a series of molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium transition metal complexes bound to the new 1,2,3-triazolylidene ligand system. In this work, the first triazolylidene Mo compound is presented as well as the first structural investigation of a silver complex with a monodentate 1,2,3-triazolylidene. Furthermore, the triazolylidene Pd complex and the Mo complex were tested as precatalysts in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and epoxidation catalysis, respectively.
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