By adjusting the waveguide length ratio, we study the extraordinary characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in one-dimensional (1D) parity-time-symmetric ( PT -symmetric) two-segment-connected triangular optical waveguide networks with perfect and broken integer waveguide length ratios respectively. It is found that the number and the corresponding frequencies of the extremum spontaneous PT -symmetric breaking points are dependent on the waveguide length ratio. Near the extremum breaking points, ultrastrong extraordinary transmissions are created and the maximal can arrive at, respectively, 2.4079 × 10 14 and 4.3555 × 10 13 in both kinds of networks. However, bidirectional invisibility can only be produced by the networks with broken integer waveguide length ratio, whose mechanism is explained in detail from the perspective of photonic band structure. The findings of this work can be useful optical characteristic control in the fabrication of PT -symmetric optical waveguide networks, which possesses great potential in designing optical amplifiers, optical energy saver devices, and special optical filters.
We construct one-dimensional PT -symmetric ring optical waveguide networks with near-isometric and isometric arms and investigate their extraordinary optical properties. It is found that the features for the former and the latter are quite different, although extraordinary ultrastrong transmission and reflection exist in both of them. When the former changes to be the latter, the extraordinary optical properties will all change remarkably, and the fitting formulae are obtained. The bidirectional invisibility only exists in the former and the principle is analyzed. This work may be helpful for designing ultra-narrow optical filters, ultra-sensitive optical switches, and resonant component for high-monochromatic lasing.
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