The fracture characteristics of bedded sandstone determine the stability and safety of in situ coal gasification technology. Four semicircular stratified sandstone specimens with different strengths (0.3, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.5 times that of rock matrix) and seven different bedding angles (θ = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) were numerically simulated using RFPA2D-Basic V2.0 software. The SCB specimen had no prefabricated crack, and its radius was 25 mm. The loading rate was 0.000001 m/step. The results show that the fracture characteristics of the sandstone are affected by both the strength of the laminae and the angle; the fracture toughness and peak strength of the ultra-weak sandstone, as well as the weak sandstone, are reduced and more easily affected by the bedding angle; the strength rate of the strong sandstone is higher than that of the homogeneous sandstone, and the difference between the fracture characteristics of the two is not significant. This paper suggests that the key mechanism of this phenomenon is the anisotropy between the bedding and the sandstone, along with the competition/synergy between the main crack and the bedding plane bias crack during fracture propagation. These research results can provide a theoretical reference for the safety and stability of underground engineering in China.
The fracture extension characteristics of salt rocks under creep play an important role in the long-term safety and stability assessment of underground compressed air storage reservoirs. To study the fracture evolution characteristics of salt rock with time, the present study modified the Charles creep fracture intrinsic model and calibrated the A and n of the fracture extension coefficient parameters by creep fracture experiments with a constant stress rate loading method for salt rock under different temperature conditions. Finally, the modified Charles model was embedded into PFC (particle flow code) to simulate the fracture of salt rock numerically and the results were verified theoretically. The results show that (1) the fracture extension rate is related to the parameters A and n in addition to the stress intensity factor; (2) both n and A gradually decrease with the increase of temperature, and an decrease of n and A represents the decrease of fracture creep extension rate; and (3) the longer the initial fracture length of the specimen, the smaller the fracture time. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for evaluating the confinement of underground compressed air storage reservoirs.
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