Exploring the changes of ecosystem services value caused by land use transformation driven by urbanization is crucial for ensuring the safety of the regional ecological environment and for enhancing the value of ecosystem services. Based on the land use remote sensing data during the rapid urbanization development period of Hubei Province from 1995 to 2015, this study analyzed the characteristics of land use/land cover change and land use transformation. The spatial–temporal response characteristics and evolution of ecosystem services value (ESV) to land use transformation driven by urbanization were measured by equivalent factor method, spatial autocorrelation analysis, hot spot analysis and gravity model. We found that: (1) Driven by urbanization, the most significant feature of land use transformation in Hubei Province was the expansion of the built-up land and the significant reduction of cropland and forest, among which 90% of the new built-up land was converted from cropland and forest. (2) This land use transformation became the main source of ESV losses. Especially, the sharp increase of the built-up land from 2010 to 2015, occupying cropland and forest, resulted in ESV losses of nearly USD 320 million. The service capacity of climate regulation, soil conservation, gas regulation and food production undertaken by cropland and forest decreased. (3) The ecosystem services value in the study area showed spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the middle and east regions. The center of gravity of ESV shifted from northwest to southeast. Due to the sharp increase of the built-up land from 2010 to 2015, the center of gravity shift rebounded. This study can help policymakers better understand the trade−offs between land use transformation and ecosystem services driven by urbanization.
Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and achieving high-quality agricultural development is an important support for strong economic development in the post-pandemic era. Based on the new development philosophy of the Chinese government, this study constructs an evaluation framework of “innovation-coordination-green-openness-sharing” for high-quality agricultural development, and quantitatively assesses the level of high-quality agricultural development in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt with a systematic integration model, and explores the spatial evolution characteristics and obstacles of the level of high-quality agricultural development in Yangtze River Economic Belt. It reveals that the level of high-quality agricultural development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt shows a fluctuating upward trend in general, but there is variability among regions. The green dimension has the fastest development rate, followed by innovation and sharing. In terms of spatial characteristics, it gradually shows a pattern dominated by high levels and shows the characteristics of agglomeration, but the spatial correlation is not high. In terms of obstacle factors, openness and coordination are the main obstacle factors. Considering the different agricultural development models, it is suggested that international cooperation, new agricultural cooperation, and differentiated policies can be considered to promote high-quality agricultural development. This study provides a more complete evaluation framework for government policy-making authorities to measure the level of regional agricultural development and help regional agriculture achieve sustainable development at a higher quality level.
Real estate investment has been an important driving force in China’s economic growth in recent years, and the relationship between real estate investment and PM2.5 concentrations has been attracting widespread attention. Based on spatial econometric modelling, this paper explores the relationships between real estate investment and PM2.5 concentrations using multi-source panel data from 30 provinces in China between 1987 and 2017. The results demonstrate that compared with static spatial panel modelling, using a dynamic spatial Durbin lag model (DSDLM) more accurately reflects the influences of real estate investment on PM2.5 concentrations in China, and that PM2.5 concentrations show significant superposition effects and spillover effects. Moreover, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between real estate investment and PM2.5 concentrations in the Eastern and Central Regions of China. At the national level, the impacts of real estate investment on land urbanization and PM2.5 concentrations first increased and then decreased over time. The key implications of this analysis are as follows. (1) it highlights the need for a unified PM2.5 monitoring platform among Chinese regions; (2) the quality of population urbanization rather than land urbanization should be given more attention; and (3) the speed of construction of green cities and building of green transportation systems and green town systems should be increased.
Recently, with the rapid increase of urban population and industrial agglomeration, the price of construction land has increased, and construction land has become increasingly scarce. Therefore, how to improve the construction land use quality (CLUQ) becomes more and more important. The purpose of the study is to evaluate CLUQ in China’s major cities and to analyze the dominant obstacle factors for quality improvement in order to provide policy advice for construction land management. This study adapts the data from 2014 to 2016 and constructs the evaluation framework of CLUQ involving economic quality, social quality, and ecological quality of construction land to evaluate and analyze CLUQ with the synthetic evaluation model, coupling evaluation model, and obstacle diagnosis model (ECO model). This study shows that the synthetic CLUQ of 23 cities out of 36 major cities in China shows a general increasing state. The economic quality of 26 cities out of 36 major cities in China has increased, while the social and ecological quality of 20 out of 36 major cities in China has decreased. In terms of spatial characteristics, the synthetic quality in the east and southwest of China is relatively high; in terms of spatial trend, the synthetic quality in longitude increases from west to east, and it shows an inverted U-shaped state in latitude. Moreover, economic development is the main obstacle factor for the improvement of CLUQ in Hohhot, Lanzhou, Urumqi, and Changchun. Social development results in the CLUQ lagging in Beijing, Guiyang, Shanghai, Xining, and Chongqing. Ecological development has a negative impact in that of Harbin, Qingdao, and Wuhan. Furthermore. The improvement of CLUQ lies in the coupling and coordinated development of economic, social, and ecological quality. For those with a low coupling degree, the targeted suggestions are given for different types based on city’s quadrant distribution.
Land resources are important for millions of rural households in China. With the land tenure system reform and the trend of nonfarm employment, land transfer affects household income and consumption diversity significantly. Utilizing the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018, this study investigated the effects of land transfer on Chinese rural households’ consumption diversity, measured by the Simpson index. In order to mitigate the endogeneity problems caused by reverse causality and selection bias between farmers’ household land transfer decisions and consumption behavior, we employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method and instrumental variable (IV) method. Besides, the Shannon index was also used to measure consumption diversity for the robustness test. The results showed that the rural households who have transferred others’ land in would decrease their consumption diversity, while the households who have transferred their land out would increase their consumption diversity. Heterogeneity analysis showed that land transfer had different degrees of impact on rural households with different income groups and was more significant for low-income households. Specifically, compared with higher-income households, both the promotion effect of land transfer out and the inhibitory effect of land transfer on consumption diversity were more obvious for lower-income households.
Farmland is one of the key factors affecting national or regional food security, and farmland suitability evaluation can provide critical information for the spatial layout of farmland. Previous studies have mainly focused on the role of natural factors in suitability evaluation, while ignoring the important influence of socio-economic activities. This study selects natural factors such as elevation and slope and non-agriculturalization sensitivity factors to build a farmland suitability evaluation framework of “natural non-agriculturalization sensitivity”, quantify the farmland suitability, and uses GIS technology to classify the evaluation results into four levels: highly, moderately, barely, and unsuitable. The results show that the non-agriculturalization sensitivity of farmland in Hubei Province shows the spatial characteristics of multi-point clustering, with density increasing from west and north to central and east; the overall farmland suitability in Hubei Province is high, and the areas of highly, moderately, barely, and unsuitable farmland account for 2.32%, 67.69%, 11.49%, and 18.50%, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, there are obvious spatial differences in the farmland suitability, with highly and moderately suitable areas mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions and barely suitable and unsuitable areas mainly distributed in the western, northeastern, and southeastern parts of Hubei Province.
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