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Purpose: To assess carotid stiffening characteristics in a pre-hypertensive population using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV). Methods: We enrolled retrospectively 626 individuals who underwent clinical interviews, serum examination, and assessments of the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity-beginning of systole (PWV-BS) and pulse wave velocity-end of systole (PWV-ES) between January 2017 and December 2021. The patients were divided into three groups according to their blood pressure (BP): normal BP (NBP): SBP < 130 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg, n = 215; pre-hypertensive (PHT): 130 ≤ SBP < 140 mmHg and/or 80 ≤ DBP < 90 mmHg, n = 119; hypertensive (HT): SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg, n = 292. Correlation analysis and comparisons were performed among the groups, and in cIMT subgroups (cIMT ≥ 0.050 cm and < 0.050 cm).Results: cIMT and PWV-ES significantly differed among the BP groups (P < 0.05).The BP groups were similar in PWV-BS when cIMT < 0.050 cm or cIMT ≥ 0.050 cm (all P > 0.05). However, the NBP group had a notably lower PWV-ES than the PHT (P < 0.001 and P = 0.024) and HT (all P < 0.001) groups at both cIMTs, while those in the PHT group were not lower than HT (all P > 0.05).Conclusions: Carotid morphological and biomechanical properties in the PHT group differed from the NBP. ufPWV could be used for early evaluation of carotid stiffening linked to pre-hypertension.

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Evidence of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in stage 1 hypertension patients is scarce. This study aimed to explore the association between TyG index and arterial stiffness in this population. A total of 1041 individuals from 32 centers with normal/elevated blood pressure (BP, <130/80 mmHg; 345 men (33%); median age, 37 years) and 585 stage 1 hypertension patients (BP ≥130/80 and <140/90 mmHg; 305 men (52%); median age, 47 years) were prospectively enrolled. Arterial stiffness was determined by measuring carotid ultrafast pulse-wave velocity (ufPWV). TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride (TG)× fasting blood glucose/2). Patients with a higher TyG index tended to have higher ufPWV. The TyG index was positively associated with ufPWV at the end of systole in stage 1 hypertension patients after adjusting for confounding factors (β for per unit .48), and restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear association. Subgroup analyses in terms of age, sex, and body mass index yielded similar results. However, no significant relationship was observed between the TyG index and ufPWV in the population with normal/elevated BP. The fully adjusted β between ufPWV and the TyG index was higher than the TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, TG, and pulse pressure. In conclusion, patients with a higher TyG index had greater arterial stiffness, and the TyG index independently and positively correlated with arterial stiffness in stage 1 hypertension patients. The TyG index may provide a simple and reliable marker to monitor arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients.