Avoiding buried voids
The buried interfaces of perovskite solar cells are difficult to alter after synthesis. During manufacture, Chen
et al
. removed perovskite films with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent from the hole-transfer layer and observed a substantial void fraction that degraded film performance. Replacing most of the dimethyl sulfoxide with carbohydrazide, a lead-coordinating compound with a much higher boiling point, eliminated voids. Such solar cells maintained high power conversion efficiency after 550 hours of operation at 60°C. —PDS
The efficiencies of small-pixel perovskite photovoltaics have increased to above 24%, while most reported fabrication methods cannot be transferred to scalable manufacturing process. Here, we report a method of fast blading large-area perovskite films at an unprecedented speed of 99 mm/s under ambient conditions by tailoring solvent coordination capability. Combing volatile noncoordinating solvents to Pb2+ and low-volatile, coordinating solvents achieves both fast drying and large perovskite grains at room temperature. The reproducible fabrication yields a certified module efficiency of 16.4%, with an aperture area of 63.7 cm2. This method can be applied for various perovskite compositions. The perovskite modules also show a small temperature coefficient of −0.13%/°C and nearly fully recoverable efficiency after 58 cycles of shading, much better than commercial silicon and thin-film solar modules.
A new monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell architecture is proposed based on double-side-textured silicon cells with sub-micrometer pyramids. These pyramids are rough enough to scatter light within silicon nearly as efficiently as large pyramids but smooth enough to solution process a perovskite film. A bladecoated perovskite film planarizes the textured silicon cell. With a textured lightscattering layer added to the top to reduce front-surface reflectance, a monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem cell reaches an efficiency of 26%.
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