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Converting agriculture and forestry lignocellulosic residues into high value-added liquid fuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.), chemicals (levulinic acid, furfural, etc.), and materials (aerogel, bioresin, etc.) via a bio-refinery process is an important way to utilize biomass energy resources. However, because of the dense and complex supermolecular structure of lignocelluloses, it is difficult for enzymes and chemical reagents to efficiently depolymerize lignocelluloses. Strikingly, the compact structure of lignocelluloses could be effectively decomposed with a proper pretreatment technology, followed by efficient separation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which improves the conversion and utilization efficiency of lignocelluloses. Based on a review of traditional pretreatment methods, this study focuses on the discussion of pretreatment process with recyclable and non-toxic/low-toxic green solvents, such as polar aprotic solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents, and provides an outlook of the industrial application prospects of solvent pretreatment.

The introduction of “new energy vehicle charging pile” as one of the contents of “new infrastructure” indicates that the field of charging pile is facing a new round of technological innovation, deployment difficulties and other shortcomings are no longer suitable for its charging operation of the growing business needs. In view of this, a design method based on microservice architecture is proposed. The open source distributed framework Spring Cloud and its components are used to realize the mechanism of service registration discovery, load balancing, service fault tolerance and so on. The reformed operation system has a clear structure, stable operation, timely monitoring and processing of abnormal information such as charging pile fault, and has a broad application prospect.