Substantial progress has been made in identification of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk loci in the past few years, but our understanding of the genetic basis of T2D in ethnically diverse populations remains limited. We performed a genome-wide association study and a replication study in Chinese Hans comprising 8,569 T2D case subjects and 8,923 control subjects in total, from which 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected for further follow-up in a de novo replication sample of 3,410 T2D case and 3,412 control subjects and an in silico replication sample of 6,952 T2D case and 11,865 control subjects. Besides confirming seven established T2D loci (CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, KCNQ1, CDC123, GLIS3, HNF1B, and DUSP9) at genome-wide significance, we identified two novel T2D loci, including G-protein–coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) (rs10886471: P = 7.1 × 10−9) and RASGRP1 (rs7403531: P = 3.9 × 10−9), of which the association signal at GRK5 seems to be specific to East Asians. In nondiabetic individuals, the T2D risk-increasing allele of RASGRP1-rs7403531 was also associated with higher HbA1c and lower homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (P = 0.03 and 0.0209, respectively), whereas the T2D risk-increasing allele of GRK5-rs10886471 was also associated with higher fasting insulin (P = 0.0169) but not with fasting glucose. Our findings not only provide new insights into the pathophysiology of T2D, but may also shed light on the ethnic differences in T2D susceptibility.

Body weight significantly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes who received different dosages of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with patients who received a placebo. Moreover, in patients treated with dapagliflozin, there was a statistically significant dosage-dependent trend in body weight reduction.

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Aims/IntroductionTo evaluate whether there is disparity of the efficacy and all‐cause mortality and other adverse effects between Asian and non‐Asian patients with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors treatment.Materials and MethodsRandomized clinical trials publicly available before January 2017, comparing SGLT2 inhibitors treatment with a placebo in type 2 diabetes patients were identified. The association between treatment and outcomes was estimated by computing the weighted mean difference for glycated hemoglobin level, blood pressure level, lipid profile levels and bodyweight, and the odds ratios for adverse events.ResultsA total of 17 trials with Asian patients were included and 39 trials with non‐Asian patients were included. Comparison of the glycated hemoglobin decreases corrected by a placebo between Asian and non‐Asian patients showed that there was a non‐significant difference of 0.05% between groups (P > 0.05). Comparisons of the bodyweight changes and blood pressure changes corrected by a placebo between Asian and non‐Asian patients did not show a significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The risk of all‐cause mortality was not increased when compared with a placebo both in Asian and non‐Asian populations, and the risk of genital infection in Asian and non‐Asian populations were both significant increased.ConclusionsOverall, according to the present meta‐analysis, comparison of the efficacy in SGLT2 inhibitors treatment between Asian and non‐Asian type 2 diabetes patients showed no significant difference in glycated hemoglobin reduction and bodyweight reduction. Furthermore, no disparity was found in the risk of all‐cause mortality or hypoglycemia in SGLT2 inhibitors treatment between Asian and non‐Asian patients.

With the current sample size, we did not find any mutation in the coding sequence of TCF7L2 that confers a genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population, and did not replicate some of the major positive results obtained in other populations.

Compare with non-smokers, the risk of diabetic retinopathy significantly increased in smokers with type 1 diabetes while significantly decreased in smokers with type 2 diabetes. However, this result did not change the importance of smoking cessation for public health.

Aims/IntroductionTo evaluate the efficacy of weight changes from baseline of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors treatment and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogs treatment after comparisons with a placebo in type 2 diabetes patients, and the associated factors.Materials and MethodsStudies were searched from when recording began, June 2004, until June 2015, and re‐searched in July 2016, and placebo‐controlled randomized trials in type 2 diabetes patients with a study length of ≥12 weeks were included.ResultsA total of 97 randomized controlled trials were included. Compared with a placebo, treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significantly greater decrease in weight change from baseline (weighted mean differences −2.01 kg, 95% confidence interval −2.18 to −1.83 kg, P < 0.001). Compared with a placebo, changes with GLP ‐1 treatment were also associated with a comparable decrease in weight change from baseline (weighted mean differences −1.59 kg, 95% confidence interval −1.86 to −1.32 kg, P < 0.001). Meta‐regression analysis showed that the baseline age, sex, baseline glycated hemoglobin, diabetes duration or baseline body mass index were not associated with the weight change from baseline in SGLT2 inhibitors or in GLP‐1 treatment corrected by placebo. Comparisons of weight changes from baseline corrected by placebo between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 treatment showed that the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to the present meta‐analysis, treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors and treatment with GLP‐1 analogs led to comparable weight changes from baseline, which are both with significance when compared with placebo treatment.

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