Objective:Cardiovascular diseases are associated with an increased risk of depression, but it remains unclear whether treatment with cardiovascular agents decreases or increases this risk. The effects of drugs on individual usage are also often unknown. This review aimed to examine the correlation between depression and common cardiovascular drugs, develop more potent interventions for depression in cardiovascular patients, and further research on the bio-behavioural mechanisms linking cardiovascular drugs to depression.Data sources:The data in this review were obtained from articles included in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science.Study selection:Clinical trials, observational studies, review literature, and guidelines about depression and cardiovascular drugs were selected for the article.Results:We systematically investigated whether the seven most used cardiovascular drugs were associated with altered risk of incident depression in this literature review. Statins have been proven to have antidepressant effects. Some studies believe angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) can exert an antidepressant influence by acting on the renin-angiotensin system, but further clinical trials are needed to confirm this. Beta-blockers have previously been associated with depression, but the current study found no significant association between beta blockers and the risk of depression. Aspirin may have antidepressant effects by suppressing the immune response, but its role as an antidepressant remains controversial. calcium channel blockers (CCBs) can regulate nerve signal transduction by adjusting calcium channels, but whether this effect is beneficial or harmful to depression remains unclear. Finally, some cases have reported that nitrates and diuretics are associated with depression, but the current clinical evidence is insufficient.Conclusions:Statins have been proven to have antidepressant effect, and the antidepressant effects of ACEIs/ARB and aspirin are still controversial. CCBs are associated with depression, but it is unclear whether it is beneficial or harmful. No association has been found with β-blockers, diuretics, and nitrates.

Background: The objective of this study was to develop a practical nomogram for predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with small-intestine adenocarcinoma. Methods: Patients diagnosed with small-intestine adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2015 were selected for inclusion in this study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The selected patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. The predictors of CSS were identified by applying both forward and backward stepwise selection methods in a Cox regression model. The performance of the nomogram was measured by the concordance index (C-index), the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, the net reclassification improvement (NRI), the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision-curve analysis (DCA). Results: Multivariate Cox regression indicated that factors including age at diagnosis, sex, marital status, insurance status, histology grade, SEER stage, surgery status, T stage, and N stage were independent covariates associated with CSS. These factors were used to construct a predictive model, which was built and virtualized by a nomogram. The C-index of the constructed nomogram was 0.850. The AUC values indicated that the established nomogram displayed better discrimination performance than did the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system in predicting CSS. The IDI and NRI also showed that the nomogram exhibited superior performance in both the training and validation cohorts. Furthermore, the calibrated nomogram predicted survival rates that closely corresponded to actual survival rates, while the DCA demonstrated the considerable clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Conclusion: We have constructed a nomogram for predicting the CSS of small-intestine adenocarcinoma patients. This prognostic model may improve the ability of clinicians to predict survival in individual patients and provide them with treatment recommendations.

Background: Laparoscope-assisted gastrectomy in treating patients with gastric cancers developed with a background of highly invasive traditional surgery and is being increasingly performed in the Asian Pacific area. This study systemically investigated the technique and clinical results for comparison with traditional radical subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancers. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness and side effects of laparoscope-assisted gastrectomy in treating patients with gastric cancers were identified using a predefined search strategy. Summary rates of effectiveness and side effects of laparoscope-assisted gastrectomy were calculated. Results: Thirteen clinical studies which including 1,412 patients with gastric cancer treated by laparoscope-assisted gastrectomy were considered eligible for inclusion. Systemic analysis showed that, for all patients, the pooled resection rate was 100%. Major adverse effects were anastomotic stenosis, abdominal abscess, abdominal bleeding, postoperative ileus. Treatment related death occurred in 0. 71% (10/1412). Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that laparoscope-assisted gastrectomy in treating patients with gastric cancers is associated with good curative rate and acceptable complications.

Objective: The current study is aimed at exploring the relationship between chronic periodontitis and serotonin transporter ( 5-HTT ) gene polymorphisms (rs6354 and rs12449783) in the Chinese Han population. Methods: This study included a total of 120 patients with chronic periodontitis and 125 healthy control subjects. The 5-HTT gene (rs6354 and rs12449783) was genotyped using oral mucosal tissue with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Linkage disequilibrium was examined using Haploview. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the cases and controls using a χ 2 test. Results: Genotype distribution of the 5-HTT gene polymorphisms rs6354 and rs12449783 in the control group conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the AC genotype, the AC + CC genotype and C allele of the 5-HTT rs6354 polymorphism was higher in cases ( P < 0.05) vs. the healthy control. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.910 (95%CI = 1.049–3.476) for the AC genotype, 2.026 (95%CI = 1.115–3.680) for the AC+CC genotype, and 1.875 for the C allele (95%CI = 1.089–3.228. Such an association was particularly strong in women for the AC genotype (OR = 2.167, 95%CI = 1.034–4.542). The genotype and allele frequencies of rs12449783 did not differ between the cases and controls. Haplotype C-C (rs6354-rs12449783) was also more frequent in the cases (OR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.154–4.875, P = 0.016). Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis is associated with the 5-HTT gene rs6354 polymorphism, as well as rs6354/rs12449783 interaction.