Considerable areal capacitance (mF cm(-2) level) and long cycling stability (2000 cycles, the best ever for Fe(3)O(4)-based electrodes) are demonstrated for the first time for Fe(3)O(4)@SnO(2) core-shell nanorod film, which is grown directly on a current collector substrate.

The synergistic effects of chain length, functional group position, and equivalence ratio on the combustion and emission characteristics of lower alcohols were investigated in a constant volume vessel at φ = 1.0, φ = 0.8, φ = 0.6, φ = 0.4, and P init = 1.87 MPa conditions in this work. The results indicated as follows. First, the most significant effect on autoignition temperature was the presence of branches in the hydroxyl group, followed by the number of carbon atoms, and then the methyl position in the carbon chain. Second, the combustion duration of branched chain alcohols was more sensitive to the equivalence ratio compared with that of straight chain alcohols. Third, methanol and 2-butanol had better combustion effects for stoichiometric combustion than thin combustion, while ethanol and isobutanol were more suitable for thin combustion. Finally, the total particle mass emissions and particle number concentration of all fuels were relatively low at φ = 0.6.

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Nonlinear optical property of semiconductor nanowires plays a key role in nanoscale optoelectronics. In this paper, we demonstrate an excellent frequency converter based on GaAs nanowires (NWs), in which second harmonic generation (SHG) is excited by femtosecond lasers from 800 nm to 1800 nm. Simultaneous SHG with a bandwidth of 300-nm is excited by a super-continuum source at 1000–1600 nm. Broadband SHG can also be acquired from an isolated single NW and the process is coherent. The experimental results suggest that GaAs NWs are potential broadband optical nonlinear converters in nanoscale optoelectronics.

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In this paper, we study the structure of a superabundant semigroup S whose set of idempotents E(S) forms a subsemigroup. We call such a semigroup a cyber-group because it is a generalization of orthogroups in the class of completely regular semigroups studied by Petrich and Reilly. We show that a cyber-group can be expressed as a semilattice of rectangular monoids. Thus, our result generalizes the well-known result obtained by Petrich in 1987 for orthogroups. Some properties of cyber-groups are given and some special superabundant semigroups are discussed.

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