Freeze-drying and hot air-drying were applied in the preparation of pumpkin flours to investigate the effects of drying methods on the antioxidant activities and physicochemical properties. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from pumpkin flours were studied in terms of total antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. Hot air-dried pumpkin flour showed stronger antioxidant activities than freeze-dried flour. The percentage inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system by 15 mg mL )1 extracts from hot air-dried and freeze-dried pumpkin flours was found to be 92.4% and 86.1% after 120 h of incubation, respectively. Hot air-dried pumpkin flour exhibited higher reducing power, free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities than freeze-dried flour. This study also indicated that freeze-drying significantly reduced the browning and preserved the redness of pumpkin flours. Hot air-drying reduced the oil absorption capacity, water absorption and porosity of pumpkin flours, while it markedly increased the water solubility and bulk density.

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Since formally introduced the friendly Amicable Settlement mechanism in 1987, FIDIC’ s efforts to promote and improve the alternative dispute settlement mechanism for construction work have been greatly developed. The current laws and regulations in China on alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for construction disputes are not perfect, and the newly revised “Conditions of contract for Construction” (GF2017-0201) lacks operability. It is of great significance to improve the dispute settlement mechanism by drawing on the provisions of article 20 of FIDIC (New Red Book), accumulate international experience and develop “One Belt And One Road”.