To accurately evaluate residual plastic film pollution in pre-sowing cotton fields, a method based on modified U-Net model was proposed in this research. Images of pre-sowing cotton fields were collected using UAV imaging from different heights under different weather conditions. Residual films were manually labelled, and the degree of residual film pollution was defined based on the residual film coverage rate. The modified U-Net model for evaluating residual film pollution was built by simplifying the U-Net model framework and introducing the inception module, and the evaluation results were compared to those of the U-Net, SegNet, and FCN models. The segmentation results showed that the modified U-Net model had the best performance, with a mean intersection over union (MIOU) of 87.53%. The segmentation results on images of cloudy days were better than those on images of sunny days, with accuracy gradually decreasing with increasing image-acquiring height. The evaluation results of residual film pollution showed that the modified U-Net model outperformed the other models. The coefficient of determination(R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean relative error (MRE) and average evaluation time per image of the modified U-Net model on the CPU were 0.9849, 0.0563, 5.33% and 4.85 s, respectively. The results indicate that UAV imaging combined with the modified U-Net model can accurately evaluate residual film pollution. This study provides technical support for the rapid and accurate evaluation of residual plastic film pollution in pre-sowing cotton fields.
The discrete element method and simulation analysis of the interaction between granular materials and implements provide a convenient and effective method for the optimal design of farming machinery. However, the parameter differences between different materials make discrete element simulation impossible to carry out directly. It is necessary to obtain the specific material parameters and contact parameters through parameter calibration of the simulation object, so as to make the simulation results more reliable. Parameter calibration mainly includes intrinsic parameter measurement, contact model selection, contact parameter selection, and parameter calibration. The test methods of the calibration test include the Plackett–Burman test and other methods of screening parameters with significant influence, and then selecting the optimal parameters through the climbing test, response surface analysis method, etc., and finally carrying out the regression analysis. This paper will describe the existing parameter measurement methods and parameter calibration methods and provide a reference for the scholars who study parameter calibration to carry out parameter calibration.
HighlightsEffectively separating the “white pollution” from agricultural soil.Three different spades for mechanical recycling residual film were tested.All spades had a similar draft requirement and soil disturbance trend.Spade A provided a higher residual film recovery rate.Abstract. Plastic film mulching cultivation provides important support for increasing the crop yield and ensuring food security, but residual plastic film pollution has become a prominent problem affecting the sustainable development of agriculture especially in northwest China. Recovery of thicker film by residual plastic film recycling machines may represent an effective way to solve this problem. In this study, a combined implement comprising three different spades (spades A, B, and C) were tested in a cotton field to compare their performance. All three types of spades were tested at a travel speed of 4.5 kmh-1 and a working depth of 40 mm. The residual plastic film recovery rate, soil draft force, soil disturbance characteristics (furrow profile), and cotton stubble uprooting were measured. Spade B had a higher draft force than the other spades. This trend was also observed for the soil disturbance area. Spades A and C produced stubble uprooting of approximately 5%, and spade B resulted in an approximately 5.7% larger degree of uprooting. Spade A had the largest recovery rate of residual film, while spade C had the smallest one. Overall, considering both recovery rate of residual film and draft force requirement, spade A showed better performance compared to spades B and C. Keywords: Draft force, Residual plastic film, Recovery rate, Soil disturbance, Spade.
In order to obtain accurate contact parameters of a particulate material in residual film mixture collected by cotton field machine in Xinjiang, the angle of repose test and inclined plane test were carried out. In the tests, the angles of repose of the particulate material with the water content of (6.26±1.5)% and (14.1±2.1)% were measured respectively, as well as the static sliding friction angle between the particulate material and the residual film. At the same time, the EDEM software was used to calibrate the coefficient of restitution, static friction coefficient and dynamic friction coefficient between the material and the film. Then, the second-order response model between contact parameters and the angle of repose and static sliding friction angle was constructed. In addition, the optimal contact parameters between the granular materials and the mulch were obtained by fitting the physical test data. The results indicated that the errors between the physical test results and the numerical simulation results are small. It was proved that the second-order response model could predict the repose angle of granular materials and the static sliding friction angle between granular materials and farmland film. This study could provide theoretical support for the subsequent model construction of the residual film mixture collected by the cotton field machine.
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